Certain embodiments of the invention provide lipids useful for preparing lipid nanoparticles for delivering therapeutic agents to, e.g., hepatic stellate cells.

The invention relates to Schrock-alkylidene complexes comprising a phenanthroline ligand. The complexes may dissociate when subjected to a solvent and release the complex being catalytically active in an olefinic metathesis reaction without needing a Lewis acid such as zinc chloride for removing the ligand. Thus, the phenanthroline complexes are autoactivating.

The invention relates to Schrock-alkylidene complexes comprising a phenanthroline ligand. The complexes may dissociate when subjected to a solvent and release the complex being catalytically active in an olefinic metathesis reaction without needing a Lewis acid such as zinc chloride for removing the ligand. Thus, the phenanthroline complexes are autoactivating.

This invention relates to unsaturated polyol esters that can be used in hydraulic fluid applications, including fire-resistant hydraulic fluid applications, marine hydraulic fluid applications, metalworking fluid applications, food grade fluid applications, and transformer fluid applications, and methods for making the same.

This invention relates to unsaturated polyol esters that can be used in hydraulic fluid applications, including fire-resistant hydraulic fluid applications, marine hydraulic fluid applications, metalworking fluid applications, food grade fluid applications, and transformer fluid applications, and methods for making the same.

The present invention relates to polymerisable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerisable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment (PS, PSA) and self-aligning (SA) type.

The present invention relates to polymerisable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerisable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment (PS, PSA) and self-aligning (SA) type.

A device and a process for producing undecylenic acid methyl ester using methyl ricinoleate as raw material are provided. The device comprises a feed pump, a raw material pre-heater, a microwave catalytic reactor, a microwave generator, a temperature controller and an infrared sensor, a condenser, a product tank and a discharge pump. The feed pump is connected with the raw material pre-heater, which is connected with the inlet of the microwave catalytic reactor. The outlet of the microwave catalytic reactor is connected with the condenser, which is connected to the product tank and the discharge pump. The microwave catalytic reactor is located in the microwave generator, which is connected with the temperature controller and the infrared sensor. The process is as follows: high-purity methyl ricinoleate, used as the raw material, is converted to methyl undecene and heptaldehyde by microwave-assisted pyrolysis process, followed by isolation and purification to produce methyl undecene.

A device and a process for producing undecylenic acid methyl ester using methyl ricinoleate as raw material are provided. The device comprises a feed pump, a raw material pre-heater, a microwave catalytic reactor, a microwave generator, a temperature controller and an infrared sensor, a condenser, a product tank and a discharge pump. The feed pump is connected with the raw material pre-heater, which is connected with the inlet of the microwave catalytic reactor. The outlet of the microwave catalytic reactor is connected with the condenser, which is connected to the product tank and the discharge pump. The microwave catalytic reactor is located in the microwave generator, which is connected with the temperature controller and the infrared sensor. The process is as follows: high-purity methyl ricinoleate, used as the raw material, is converted to methyl undecene and heptaldehyde by microwave-assisted pyrolysis process, followed by isolation and purification to produce methyl undecene.

An organic reductant, in particular an organo silicon reductant suitable for activating supported catalysts of the type MO.sub.nE.sub.m, wherein E is S and/or Se, in particular MO.sub.n, wherein M is W, Mo or Re, is described as well as its use in metathesis reactions. The reduced catalysts are able to metathesize olefins at low temperatures and are therefore also suitable for metathesis of functionalized olefins.