Provided are a novel acyclic carbene ligand for ruthenium complex formation; a ruthenium complex catalyst using the ligand; a method of using the complex as a catalyst in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction; a method of preparing the ruthenium complex catalyst; and a method of preparing a linear alpha-olefin, the method including the step of reacting a linear or cyclic alkene compound in the presence of the ruthenium complex catalyst.

The acyclic carbene ligand of the present invention and the ruthenium complex catalyst using the same have high selectivity and turnover number for terminal olefin formation in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction, and thus linear -olefins may be prepared with a high yield.

A compound of formula (I) wherein: M is selected from Mo or W; X is selected from O or NR.sup.5; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and aryl; C.sub.1-6 alkyl and aryl optionally being substituted with one or more of C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, and OC.sub.6H.sub.5; R.sup.3 is selected from a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle being bound to M via said nitrogen; and from halogen; R.sup.4 is an aryl oxy group being bound to M via said oxygen of said aryl oxy group; wherein said aryl group Ar of said aryl oxy group is bound to a group Cat such to form a cationic ligand Cat.sup.+-ZArO, wherein Z is either a covalent bond or a linker; R.sup.5 is alkyl or aryl, optionally substituted.

##STR00001##

A compound of formula (I) wherein: M is selected from Mo or W; X is selected from O or NR.sup.5; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and aryl; C.sub.1-6 alkyl and aryl optionally being substituted with one or more of C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, and OC.sub.6H.sub.5; R.sup.3 is selected from a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle being bound to M via said nitrogen; and from halogen; R.sup.4 is an aryl oxy group being bound to M via said oxygen of said aryl oxy group; wherein said aryl group Ar of said aryl oxy group is bound to a group Cat such to form a cationic ligand Cat.sup.+-ZArO, wherein Z is either a covalent bond or a linker; R.sup.5 is alkyl or aryl, optionally substituted.

##STR00001##

Disclosed is a material for a vertical aligning agent, and a molecular structure of the material is shown in formula (I):
R-L1P-L2.sub.nQ(I)
wherein Q is a polar anchor group, L1 is a rigid group, P is a polymerizable group, L2 is a linking group, R is a terminal flexible group, and n is in a range from 1 to 3. In the material, the polar anchor group is connected to the polymerizable group, which is beneficial to increase an aspect ratio of the material. Therefore, a fluid viscosity of the material can be reduced, and a diffusion effect of the material on a substrate can be improved.

Disclosed is a material for a vertical aligning agent, and a molecular structure of the material is shown in formula (I):
R-L1P-L2.sub.nQ(I)
wherein Q is a polar anchor group, L1 is a rigid group, P is a polymerizable group, L2 is a linking group, R is a terminal flexible group, and n is in a range from 1 to 3. In the material, the polar anchor group is connected to the polymerizable group, which is beneficial to increase an aspect ratio of the material. Therefore, a fluid viscosity of the material can be reduced, and a diffusion effect of the material on a substrate can be improved.

A method of recovering an organic acid from an aqueous solution may include extracting the organic acid dissolved in the aqueous solution into a water immiscible extraction phase. The water immiscible extraction phase has an extractant for the organic acid. The method may also include separating the extraction phase from the aqueous solution, adding an alcohol to the extraction phase separated from the aqueous solution, and forming an ester from the organic acid and the alcohol.

A method of recovering an organic acid from an aqueous solution may include extracting the organic acid dissolved in the aqueous solution into a water immiscible extraction phase. The water immiscible extraction phase has an extractant for the organic acid. The method may also include separating the extraction phase from the aqueous solution, adding an alcohol to the extraction phase separated from the aqueous solution, and forming an ester from the organic acid and the alcohol.

The invention relates to immobilized metal alkylidene catalysts. The catalysts are useful in olefin metathesis. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to immobilized metal alkylidene catalysts. The catalysts are useful in olefin metathesis. ##STR00001##

Improved iminium based processes for the production of cyanoacrylates and methylidene malonates wherein the improvement pertains to the presence of acid chlorides and/or acid anhydrides in the reaction mix.