Disclosed is a material for a vertical aligning agent, and a molecular structure of the material is shown in formula (I):

R-L1P-L2.sub.nQ(I)

wherein Q is a polar anchor group, L1 is a rigid group, P is a polymerizable group, L2 is a linking group, R is a terminal flexible group, and n is in a range from 1 to 3. In the material, the polar anchor group is connected to the polymerizable group, which is beneficial to increase an aspect ratio of the material. Therefore, a fluid viscosity of the material can be reduced, and a diffusion effect of the material on a substrate can be improved.

Method of making an immobilized tungsten catalyst comprising or consisting of (SiO).sub.X W(O)(CR.sup.1R.sup.2)(R.sup.3 or R.sup.4).sub.2-x(L).sub.z, comprising at least the following step (i): (i) reacting silica (Si02) with a tungsten oxo alkylidene complex comprising or consisting of (R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)W(O)(CR.sup.1R.sup.2)(L).sub.y, preferably wherein CR.sup.1R.sup.2 is selected from CHC(CH.sub.3).sub.3 or CH(C(CH.sub.3).sub.2)C.sub.6H.sub.5 and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from pyrrol-1-yl, 2,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl, or 2,5-diphenylpyrrol-1-yl, or OR, wherein R is a six membered or 10 membered aryl ring, optionally substituted.

Method of making an immobilized tungsten catalyst comprising or consisting of (SiO).sub.X W(O)(CR.sup.1R.sup.2)(R.sup.3 or R.sup.4).sub.2-x(L).sub.z, comprising at least the following step (i): (i) reacting silica (Si02) with a tungsten oxo alkylidene complex comprising or consisting of (R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)W(O)(CR.sup.1R.sup.2)(L).sub.y, preferably wherein CR.sup.1R.sup.2 is selected from CHC(CH.sub.3).sub.3 or CH(C(CH.sub.3).sub.2)C.sub.6H.sub.5 and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from pyrrol-1-yl, 2,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl, or 2,5-diphenylpyrrol-1-yl, or OR, wherein R is a six membered or 10 membered aryl ring, optionally substituted.

The invention relates to the use of ruthenium complexes, which are homogeneous catalysts and/or precatalysts of the olefin metathesis reaction, which lead to the production of alkenes containing an internal (non-terminal) double CC bond.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to the use of ruthenium complexes, which are homogeneous catalysts and/or precatalysts of the olefin metathesis reaction, which lead to the production of alkenes containing an internal (non-terminal) double CC bond.

##STR00001##

A precursor compound of a fragrant aldehyde is provided, as well as a method of forming such a compound, a kit comprising said compound, and certain uses thereof. The precursor compound has formula (I),

##STR00001##

wherein A is a hydrocarbon residue of a fragrant aldehyde A-CHO; and X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of a nitrile, a keto, and an ester functional group. One such precursor compound is ethyl 2-acetyl-4-methyltridec-2-enoate enriched in its Z-isomer, which is a thermally stable precursor of 2-methyl undecanal.

A precursor compound of a fragrant aldehyde is provided, as well as a method of forming such a compound, a kit comprising said compound, and certain uses thereof. The precursor compound has formula (I),

##STR00001##

wherein A is a hydrocarbon residue of a fragrant aldehyde A-CHO; and X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of a nitrile, a keto, and an ester functional group. One such precursor compound is ethyl 2-acetyl-4-methyltridec-2-enoate enriched in its Z-isomer, which is a thermally stable precursor of 2-methyl undecanal.

Addition-fragmentation agents of the formula are disclosed: ##STR00001##
wherein
R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently Z-Q-, a (hetero)alkyl group or a (hetero)aryl group with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is Z.sub.m-Q-,
Q is a linking group have a valence of m+1;
Z is an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group,
m is 1 to 6;
each X.sup.1 is independently O or NR.sup.4, where R.sup.4 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and
n is 0 or 1.

Addition-fragmentation agents of the formula are disclosed: ##STR00001##
wherein
R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently Z-Q-, a (hetero)alkyl group or a (hetero)aryl group with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is Z.sub.m-Q-,
Q is a linking group have a valence of m+1;
Z is an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group,
m is 1 to 6;
each X.sup.1 is independently O or NR.sup.4, where R.sup.4 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and
n is 0 or 1.

Addition-fragmentation agents of the formula are disclosed: ##STR00001##
wherein
R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently Z-Q-, a (hetero)alkyl group or a (hetero)aryl group with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is Z.sub.m-Q-,
Q is a linking group have a valence of m+1;
Z is an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group,
m is 1 to 6;
each X.sup.1 is independently O or NR.sup.4, where R.sup.4 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and
n is 0 or 1.