Provided are plants that express, or overexpress, a pPLAIII protein. Constitutive or seed-specific expression of pPLAIII protein in Arabidopsis increases seed oil content, the amount of C20 and C22 fatty acids, and the amount of C56, C58, and C60 triacylglycerols, effectively resulting in significantly higher oil yield per plant. Use of pPLAIII is therefore an effective biotechnological tool to significantly increase plant yield, including oil, and the amount of high value long chain fatty acids in agricultural and horticultural crops, especially oilseed crops.

Provided are plants that express, or overexpress, a pPLAIII protein. Constitutive or seed-specific expression of pPLAIII protein in Arabidopsis increases seed oil content, the amount of C20 and C22 fatty acids, and the amount of C56, C58, and C60 triacylglycerols, effectively resulting in significantly higher oil yield per plant. Use of pPLAIII is therefore an effective biotechnological tool to significantly increase plant yield, including oil, and the amount of high value long chain fatty acids in agricultural and horticultural crops, especially oilseed crops.

The disclosures herein provide compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, enantiomers, stereoisomers, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These compounds may be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated for oral administration, intravenous, spray, parenteral, lozenge, solution, syrup, sachet, transdermal administration, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of inflammation or its associated complications.

The disclosures herein provide compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, enantiomers, stereoisomers, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These compounds may be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated for oral administration, intravenous, spray, parenteral, lozenge, solution, syrup, sachet, transdermal administration, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of inflammation or its associated complications.

A process for preparing an iodinated fatty acid ethyl ester includes steps of subjecting a fatty acid ester to a protonation reaction with phosphoric acid to form a protonated fatty acid ester, and subjecting the protonated fatty acid ester to an iodination reaction with an alkali metal iodide to obtain an iodinated fatty acid ester.

A process for preparing an iodinated fatty acid ethyl ester includes steps of subjecting a fatty acid ester to a protonation reaction with phosphoric acid to form a protonated fatty acid ester, and subjecting the protonated fatty acid ester to an iodination reaction with an alkali metal iodide to obtain an iodinated fatty acid ester.

The use of bio oil from at least one renewable source in a hydrotreatment process, in which process hydrocarbons are formed from said glyceride oil in a catalytic reaction, and the iron content of said bio oil is less than 1 w-ppm calculated as elemental iron. A bio oil intermediate including bio oil from at least one renewable source and the iron content of said bio oil is less than 1 w-ppm calculated as elemental iron.

The use of bio oil from at least one renewable source in a hydrotreatment process, in which process hydrocarbons are formed from said glyceride oil in a catalytic reaction, and the iron content of said bio oil is less than 1 w-ppm calculated as elemental iron. A bio oil intermediate including bio oil from at least one renewable source and the iron content of said bio oil is less than 1 w-ppm calculated as elemental iron.

The present teachings are directed at 1,1-di substituted alkene monomers (e.g., methylene beta-ketoester monomers), methods for producing the same, polymerizable compositions including a methylene beta-ketoester monomer, and polymers, compositions and products formed therefrom. The monomer preferably is a high purity monomer. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester may be reacted with a source of formaldehyde. The methylene beta-ketoester monomers may be used in monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

The present teachings are directed at 1,1-di substituted alkene monomers (e.g., methylene beta-ketoester monomers), methods for producing the same, polymerizable compositions including a methylene beta-ketoester monomer, and polymers, compositions and products formed therefrom. The monomer preferably is a high purity monomer. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester may be reacted with a source of formaldehyde. The methylene beta-ketoester monomers may be used in monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).