The invention relates to a method for producing capped (blocked) 3-hydroxybutyric acids and their salts and esters, as well as the products obtainable in this way and their use.

The presently disclosed subject matter is directed to novel compounds of Formula I, Formula II, and Formula III, and stereoisomers thereof, and flavor compositions comprising the novel compounds.

The presently disclosed subject matter is directed to novel compounds of Formula I, Formula II, and Formula III, and stereoisomers thereof, and flavor compositions comprising the novel compounds.

This invention relates to alkyl 5-acyloxydecanoate having formula (1) as follows: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, R.sub.2 denotes an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, with the proviso that the case where R.sub.1 is a methyl group and R.sub.2 is a methyl group or an ethyl group is excluded, which is capable of giving to food products or the like a characteristic flavor, or a sensory impression, of milk, fat or cream, and to the use of the same in flavoring compositions.

This invention relates to alkyl 5-acyloxydecanoate having formula (1) as follows: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, R.sub.2 denotes an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, with the proviso that the case where R.sub.1 is a methyl group and R.sub.2 is a methyl group or an ethyl group is excluded, which is capable of giving to food products or the like a characteristic flavor, or a sensory impression, of milk, fat or cream, and to the use of the same in flavoring compositions.

Method for improving the feed efficiency in poultry husbandry wherein poultry is provided with a compound directly upon hatching, the compound being selected from a lactylate in accordance with formula 1, or a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe(II), Zn, NH4, or Cu(II) salt thereof,
R2-COO—[—CH(CH3)-COO]n-R1  Formula 1
a glycolylate of formula 2, or a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe(II), Zn, NH4, or Cu(II) salt thereof.
R2-COO—[—CH2-COO]n-R1  Formula 2: a lactate ester of formula 3,
HO—CH(CH3)-COO—R2  Formula 3:
and/or a glycolic acid ester of formula 4,
HO—CH2-COO—R2  Formula 4:
In the above formulas R1 is selected from H, n stands for an integer with value of 1-10, and R2 stands for C1-C35 alkyl or alkenyl chain, which may be branched or unbranched. The effective compound provided to poultry is dosed level in a first part of their life-span higher than the dose level in other part of their life span.

Method for improving the feed efficiency in poultry husbandry wherein poultry is provided with a compound directly upon hatching, the compound being selected from a lactylate in accordance with formula 1, or a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe(II), Zn, NH4, or Cu(II) salt thereof,
R2-COO—[—CH(CH3)-COO]n-R1  Formula 1
a glycolylate of formula 2, or a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe(II), Zn, NH4, or Cu(II) salt thereof.
R2-COO—[—CH2-COO]n-R1  Formula 2: a lactate ester of formula 3,
HO—CH(CH3)-COO—R2  Formula 3:
and/or a glycolic acid ester of formula 4,
HO—CH2-COO—R2  Formula 4:
In the above formulas R1 is selected from H, n stands for an integer with value of 1-10, and R2 stands for C1-C35 alkyl or alkenyl chain, which may be branched or unbranched. The effective compound provided to poultry is dosed level in a first part of their life-span higher than the dose level in other part of their life span.

The invention relates to a polyfunctional bio-based oligomer which is the reaction product of a) at least one epoxidized sucrose fatty acid ester resin; b) at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid selected from methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, crotonic acid, and mixtures thereof; c) at least one acid anhydride selected from acetic acid anhydride, acrylic acid anhydride, methacrylic acid anhydride, crotonic acid anhydride, and mixtures thereof; d) optionally, at least one catalyst; and e) optionally, at least one inhibitor. In a polyfunctional bio-based oligomer of the invention, the ratio of ethylenically unsaturated acid to acid anhydride ranges from 90:1 to 1:90; at least one epoxide group of the at least one epoxidized sucrose fatty acid ester resin is esterified by at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid; and at least one epoxide group of the at least one epoxidized sucrose fatty acid ester resin is esterified by at least one acid anhydride. Other embodiments of the invention relate to methods of making the polyfunctional bio-based oligomers of the invention and to curable coating compositions containing them.

The invention relates to a polyfunctional bio-based oligomer which is the reaction product of a) at least one epoxidized sucrose fatty acid ester resin; b) at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid selected from methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, crotonic acid, and mixtures thereof; c) at least one acid anhydride selected from acetic acid anhydride, acrylic acid anhydride, methacrylic acid anhydride, crotonic acid anhydride, and mixtures thereof; d) optionally, at least one catalyst; and e) optionally, at least one inhibitor. In a polyfunctional bio-based oligomer of the invention, the ratio of ethylenically unsaturated acid to acid anhydride ranges from 90:1 to 1:90; at least one epoxide group of the at least one epoxidized sucrose fatty acid ester resin is esterified by at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid; and at least one epoxide group of the at least one epoxidized sucrose fatty acid ester resin is esterified by at least one acid anhydride. Other embodiments of the invention relate to methods of making the polyfunctional bio-based oligomers of the invention and to curable coating compositions containing them.

This invention relates to novel derivatives of 4-hydroxybutyric acid and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the foregoing. This invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating narcolepsy, fibromyalgia, other disorders or conditions that are beneficially treated by improving nocturnal sleep or by administering sodium oxybate.