The present application discloses methods for detecting and quantifying tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) in a water sample. In the methods, a water sample is mixed with a KMnO.sub.4 solution to form a mixture. An intensity of KMnO.sub.4 absorption in the mixture is then measured at a wavelength of 525 nm. The measured intensity is normalized by subtracting a background intensity at a wavelength of 650 nm. The presence and concentration of THPS in the water sample can then be determined by comparing the normalized intensity with intensity values of KMnO.sub.4 absorption of calibration samples comprising KMnO.sub.4 and known THPS concentrations.

Processes for increasing the viricidal activity of a fiber substrate. The fiber substrate is provided. An antiviral treatment containing a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound is introduced to the fiber substrate to form an antiviral substrate. The treated fiber substrate is washed and dried. The antiviral treatment may occur before or after the fiber substrate is incorporated into the HEPA filter media in a papermaking process. Also a filter made from treated fiber substrates.

Processes for increasing the viricidal activity of a fiber substrate. The fiber substrate is provided. An antiviral treatment containing a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound is introduced to the fiber substrate to form an antiviral substrate. The treated fiber substrate is washed and dried. The antiviral treatment may occur before or after the fiber substrate is incorporated into the HEPA filter media in a papermaking process. Also a filter made from treated fiber substrates.

The present invention provides a composition and a method for mitigating formation or activity of a corrosion-associated biofilm on metal surfaces of pipelines. The pipelines are first treated with pigs i.e. bi-di pigs for removing/disturbing biofilm, followed by microbial treatment i.e. application of microbecidal composition. The microbecidal composition comprising at least one alcohol, one corrosion inhibitor, one surfactant, one biocide and a lignin-based nanoparticle. The lignin-based nano particle is functionalized with amine functionalizing agent. The present composition and method is eco-friendly, as low concentration is sufficient and further, regular dosing is not required for MIC control.

The present invention provides a composition and a method for mitigating formation or activity of a corrosion-associated biofilm on metal surfaces of pipelines. The pipelines are first treated with pigs i.e. bi-di pigs for removing/disturbing biofilm, followed by microbial treatment i.e. application of microbecidal composition. The microbecidal composition comprising at least one alcohol, one corrosion inhibitor, one surfactant, one biocide and a lignin-based nanoparticle. The lignin-based nano particle is functionalized with amine functionalizing agent. The present composition and method is eco-friendly, as low concentration is sufficient and further, regular dosing is not required for MIC control.

This disclosure provides phosphonium polymers with increased hydrophilicity exhibiting increased antibacterial activity and decreased hemolytic activity. These phosphonium polymers include Poly(THPvbPCl) poly(tris(3-hydroxypropyl)(vinylbenzyl)phosphonium chloride) and derivatives thereof, ((2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-manno-pyranyl)-1-oxy-allyl and derivatives thereof, and poly(dihexyl(2,3,4,6,-hydroxy-gluco-pyranyl)-1-oxy-propyl)vinylbenzylphosphonium chloride) and derivatives thereof.

This disclosure provides phosphonium polymers with increased hydrophilicity exhibiting increased antibacterial activity and decreased hemolytic activity. These phosphonium polymers include Poly(THPvbPCl) poly(tris(3-hydroxypropyl)(vinylbenzyl)phosphonium chloride) and derivatives thereof, ((2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-manno-pyranyl)-1-oxy-allyl and derivatives thereof, and poly(dihexyl(2,3,4,6,-hydroxy-gluco-pyranyl)-1-oxy-propyl)vinylbenzylphosphonium chloride) and derivatives thereof.

This disclosure provides phosphonium polymers with increased hydrophilicity exhibiting increased antibacterial activity and decreased hemolytic activity. These phosphonium polymers include Poly(THPvbPCl) poly(tris(3-hydroxypropyl)(vinylbenzyl)phosphonium chloride) and derivatives thereof, ((2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-manno-pyranyl)-1-oxy-allyl and derivatives thereof, and poly(dihexyl(2,3,4,6,-hydroxy-gluco-pyranyl)-1-oxy-propyl)vinylbenzylphosphonium chloride) and derivatives thereof.

The ionic liquid-based coating is a coating for both porous and nonporous materials. As non-limiting examples, a porous substrate coated with the ionic liquid-based coating may be used to disinfect and remove microorganisms from air and water, to provide an antimicrobial surface for preventing microbial contamination, or to enhance filtration efficiency of the porous material for airborne and waterborne particulate matter without increasing flow resistance. As a further non-limiting example, a nonporous substrate coated with the ionic liquid-based coating may be used to form a surface capable of self-disinfection from microorganisms contacting surface. The ionic liquid-based coating includes at least one ionic liquid, an adhesive, and at least one additive, which may be a disinfectant, a viscosity modifier, a pH buffer, a fragrance, or combinations thereof.

The ionic liquid-based coating is a coating for both porous and nonporous materials. As non-limiting examples, a porous substrate coated with the ionic liquid-based coating may be used to disinfect and remove microorganisms from air and water, to provide an antimicrobial surface for preventing microbial contamination, or to enhance filtration efficiency of the porous material for airborne and waterborne particulate matter without increasing flow resistance. As a further non-limiting example, a nonporous substrate coated with the ionic liquid-based coating may be used to form a surface capable of self-disinfection from microorganisms contacting surface. The ionic liquid-based coating includes at least one ionic liquid, an adhesive, and at least one additive, which may be a disinfectant, a viscosity modifier, a pH buffer, a fragrance, or combinations thereof.