A method for preparing 3-methyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid is disclosed wherein 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene is combined with an oxidation catalayst in the presence of an oxygen source and an initiator, provided that less than 99% of the 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene is oxidized.

A method for preparing compounds of Formula 7 and Formula 11 is also disclosed wherein the method is characterized by using 3-methyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid as prepared by the method disclosed above.

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.7 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-C.sub.7 alkylcycloalkyl

The present invention provides processes for preparing a prostacyclin analog of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.10 is a linear or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl. The processes of the present invention comprise steps that generate improved yields and fewer byproducts than traditional methods. The processes of the present invention employ reagents (e.g., the oxidizing reagent) that are less toxic that those used in the traditional methods (e.g., oxalyl chloride). Many of the processes of the present invention generate intermediates with improved e.e. and chemical purity; thereby eliminating the need of additional chromatography steps. And, the processes of the present invention are scalable to generate commercial quantities of the final compound.

The present invention provides processes for preparing a prostacyclin analog of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.10 is a linear or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl. The processes of the present invention comprise steps that generate improved yields and fewer byproducts than traditional methods. The processes of the present invention employ reagents (e.g., the oxidizing reagent) that are less toxic that those used in the traditional methods (e.g., oxalyl chloride). Many of the processes of the present invention generate intermediates with improved e.e. and chemical purity; thereby eliminating the need of additional chromatography steps. And, the processes of the present invention are scalable to generate commercial quantities of the final compound.

Provided herein are ferroelectric nematic (N.sub.F) compositions comprising a ferroelectric nematic host and one or more nonlinear optical compounds (chromophores).

Provided herein are ferroelectric nematic (N.sub.F) compositions comprising a ferroelectric nematic host and one or more nonlinear optical compounds (chromophores).

A method for preparing 3-methyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid is disclosed wherein 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene is combined with an oxidation catalyst in the presence of an oxygen source and an initiator, provided that less than 99% of the 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene is oxidized. A method for preparing compounds of Formula 7 and Formula 11 is also disclosed wherein the method is characterized by using 3-methyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid as prepared by the method disclosed above. ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.7 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-C.sub.7 alkylcycloalkyl.

A method for preparing 3-methyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid is disclosed wherein 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene is combined with an oxidation catalyst in the presence of an oxygen source and an initiator, provided that less than 99% of the 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene is oxidized. A method for preparing compounds of Formula 7 and Formula 11 is also disclosed wherein the method is characterized by using 3-methyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid as prepared by the method disclosed above. ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.7 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-C.sub.7 alkylcycloalkyl.

The present invention provides, inter alia, a compound having the structure:

##STR00001##

Also provided are compositions containing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound according to the present invention. Further provided are methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of an excitotoxic disorder in a subject, methods of modulating ferroptosis in a subject, methods of reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell, and methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a neurodegenerative disease.

The present disclosure provides processes for the preparation of a compound of formula I:

##STR00001##

which is useful as an antiviral agent. The disclosure also provides compounds and processes for the preparation of the compounds that are synthetic intermediates to the compound of formula I.

The present disclosure provides processes for the preparation of a compound of formula I:

##STR00001##

which is useful as an antiviral agent. The disclosure also provides compounds and processes for the preparation of the compounds that are synthetic intermediates to the compound of formula I.