This invention relates to a process for the synthesis of a non-racemic cyclohexene compound of formula (I) by a Diels-Alder reaction of a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (III) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and Y have the meanings as defined in the description in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one m-valent metal cation M.sup.m+ wherein the metal M is selected from Scandium (Sc), Yttrium (Y), Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Promethium (Pm), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Gadolinium 15 (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), Lutetium (Lu), Gallium (Ga) and Indium (In), and m is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, and a chiral ligand of the formula (IV) wherein R.sup.10a, R.sup.10b, R.sup.10c, R.sup.10d, R.sup.10a, R.sup.10b, R.sup.10c, R.sup.10d, Z and Z have the meanings as defined in the description.

The present invention relates inter alia to a compound of formula (I) Wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and Z are as defined in the specification and to compositions comprising the same and to the use of the compounds and to compositions of the compounds in treatment, for example in the treatment of fibrotic diseases or interstitial lung diseases, in particular idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

The present invention provides a process for purifying a monoterpene or sesquiterpene having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The process comprises the steps of derivatizing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) to produce a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, separating the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, and releasing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) from the derivative. Also encompassed by the scope of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The purified monoterpene can be used to treat a disease such as cancer. The present monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) may be administered alone, or may be co-administered with radiation or other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents.

The present invention provides a process for purifying a monoterpene or sesquiterpene having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The process comprises the steps of derivatizing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) to produce a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, separating the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, and releasing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) from the derivative. Also encompassed by the scope of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The purified monoterpene can be used to treat a disease such as cancer. The present monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) may be administered alone, or may be co-administered with radiation or other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents.

The present invention provides a process for purifying a monoterpene or sesquiterpene having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The process comprises the steps of derivatizing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) to produce a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, separating the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, and releasing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) from the derivative. Also encompassed by the scope of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The purified monoterpene can be used to treat a disease such as cancer. The present monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) may be administered alone, or may be co-administered with radiation or other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents.

The present invention provides a process for purifying a monoterpene or sesquiterpene having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The process comprises the steps of derivatizing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) to produce a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, separating the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, and releasing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) from the derivative. Also encompassed by the scope of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The purified monoterpene can be used to treat a disease such as cancer. The present monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) may be administered alone, or may be co-administered with radiation or other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents.

The present invention provides processes for preparing a prostacyclin analog of Formula I ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.10 is a linear or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl. The processes of the present invention comprise steps that generate improved yields and fewer byproducts than traditional methods. The processes of the present invention employ reagents (e.g., the oxidizing reagent) that are less toxic that those used in the traditional methods (e.g., oxalyl chloride). Many of the processes of the present invention generate intermediates with improved e.e. and chemical purity; thereby eliminating the need of additional chromatography steps. And, the processes of the present invention are scalable to generate commercial quantities of the final compound.

The present invention provides processes for preparing a prostacyclin analog of Formula I ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.10 is a linear or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl. The processes of the present invention comprise steps that generate improved yields and fewer byproducts than traditional methods. The processes of the present invention employ reagents (e.g., the oxidizing reagent) that are less toxic that those used in the traditional methods (e.g., oxalyl chloride). Many of the processes of the present invention generate intermediates with improved e.e. and chemical purity; thereby eliminating the need of additional chromatography steps. And, the processes of the present invention are scalable to generate commercial quantities of the final compound.

The present invention relates to new profluorophores and conjugates thereof and their use for the detection of target molecule in a sample, in particular nucleic acid target molecules. The invention relates to new profluorophores and new fluorophores and methods of use thereof particularly useful in the fields of diagnostics and quality control.

The general inventive concepts are directed to the discovery that certain aryl acids can be esterified under particular conditions to provide the resulting ester as a solid that precipitates in good yield from the reaction mixture. The esters may then be isolated and purified with relative ease. Accordingly, a method for the esterification, isolation, and purification of aryl acids is provided.