A method for producing a nitrogen-containing fluorine-containing compound includes a step in which a compound represented by formula (5) is fluorinated to obtain a compound represented by formula (6). R.sup.3 is a single bond or a C1-20 divalent organic group. R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently a monovalent organic group having an electron-withdrawing group, a C1-20 monovalent hydrocarbon group, or a C2-20 monovalent hydrocarbon group which contains an etheric oxygen atom between carbon atoms. At least one of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is a monovalent organic group having an electron-withdrawing group. R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 may be bonded to each other to form a divalent organic group or a trivalent organic group. R.sup.6 is a C1-20 monovalent organic group. E.sup.3 is a divalent organic group. R.sup.3F, R.sup.4F, R.sup.5F, R.sup.6F, and E.sup.3F are groups formed by fluorinating some or all of hydrogen atoms of R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and E.sup.3.

##STR00001##

A method for producing a nitrogen-containing fluorine-containing compound includes a step in which a compound represented by formula (5) is fluorinated to obtain a compound represented by formula (6). R.sup.3 is a single bond or a C1-20 divalent organic group. R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently a monovalent organic group having an electron-withdrawing group, a C1-20 monovalent hydrocarbon group, or a C2-20 monovalent hydrocarbon group which contains an etheric oxygen atom between carbon atoms. At least one of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is a monovalent organic group having an electron-withdrawing group. R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 may be bonded to each other to form a divalent organic group or a trivalent organic group. R.sup.6 is a C1-20 monovalent organic group. E.sup.3 is a divalent organic group. R.sup.3F, R.sup.4F, R.sup.5F, R.sup.6F, and E.sup.3F are groups formed by fluorinating some or all of hydrogen atoms of R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and E.sup.3.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to a method for preparing a suspension of a hydrochloride of an organic amine, comprising the following steps of (i) initially charging at least one organic solvent in a reaction vessel to form a liquid level, (ii) adding hydrogen chloride, (iii) adding the organic amine, wherein the organic amine is added below the liquid level present in the reaction vessel and steps (ii) and (iii) are at least partly carried out simultaneously. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method wherein the suspension obtained after step (iii) is reacted in a step (iv) with phosgene to obtain the organic isocyanate corresponding to the organic amine used, to the corresponding organic isocyanate and to the use of the organic isocyanate for producing polyisocyanates.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a suspension of a hydrochloride of an organic amine, comprising the following steps of (i) initially charging at least one organic solvent in a reaction vessel to form a liquid level, (ii) adding hydrogen chloride, (iii) adding the organic amine, wherein the organic amine is added below the liquid level present in the reaction vessel and steps (ii) and (iii) are at least partly carried out simultaneously. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method wherein the suspension obtained after step (iii) is reacted in a step (iv) with phosgene to obtain the organic isocyanate corresponding to the organic amine used, to the corresponding organic isocyanate and to the use of the organic isocyanate for producing polyisocyanates.

A resin having a small linear thermal expansion coefficient and a low absorbance is provided. The resin is characterized by including at least one structure selected from structures represented by the following general formulae (1) and (2): ##STR00001##

A resin having a small linear thermal expansion coefficient and a low absorbance is provided. The resin is characterized by including at least one structure selected from structures represented by the following general formulae (1) and (2): ##STR00001##

A resin having a small linear thermal expansion coefficient and a low absorbance is provided. The resin is characterized by including at least one structure selected from structures represented by the following general formulae (1) and (2): ##STR00001##

A method for synthesizing levomethadone hydrochloride including producing (R)-2-(dimethylamino)propan-1-ol by reducing N,N-dimethyl-D-alanine using borax, forming (R)-1-chloro-N,N-dimethylpropane-2-amine hydrochloride by chlorinating the (R)-2-(dimethylamino)propan-1-ol, synthesizing levomethadone nitrile hydrochloride by mixing the (R)-1-chloro-N,N-dimethylpropane-2-amine and diphenylacetonitrile with potassium t-butoxide and producing levomethadone hydrochloride by exposing the levomethadone nitrile hydrochloride to a Grignard reagent.

A method for synthesizing levomethadone hydrochloride including producing (R)-2-(dimethylamino)propan-1-ol by reducing N,N-dimethyl-D-alanine using borax, forming (R)-1-chloro-N,N-dimethylpropane-2-amine hydrochloride by chlorinating the (R)-2-(dimethylamino)propan-1-ol, synthesizing levomethadone nitrile hydrochloride by mixing the (R)-1-chloro-N,N-dimethylpropane-2-amine and diphenylacetonitrile with potassium t-butoxide and producing levomethadone hydrochloride by exposing the levomethadone nitrile hydrochloride to a Grignard reagent.

The present invention provides compositions and methods for detecting GluA1, as a subunit protein and/or as a GluA1-containing, GluA2-lacking AMPAR complex. The invention further provides composition and methods for detecting and/or diagnosing PTSD. The invention further relates to compositions that can be detected using radiological imaging techniques, and processes for performing such imaging techniques using the compositions, to identify elevated GluA1 expression or activity in a subject, which is a biological marker of PTSD.