The invention relates to a method for producing aniline or products that are obtained by further chemical reaction of aniline (aniline derivatives), involving decarboxylation of aminobenzoic acid, particularly ortho-aminobenzoic acid, in which one portion of the previously formed crude aniline is recirculated in the decarboxylation step. The aminobenzoic acid is obtained enzymatically or chemically, preferably enzymatically.

The present invention relates to a process for producing isocyanates in process chains, each of which produce an isocyanate end product via at least one intermediate product, wherein the heat energy liberated in a first production plant in a heat-emitting operation of producing an intermediate product, an isocyanate end product or a catalyst required for a substep of the process chain (first chemical product) is at least partly utilized for generating vapour, in particular water vapour, having a pressure of 1.31 bar.sub.(abs.) to 1.91 bar.sub.(abs.) and a temperature of 107 C. to 119 C. and the thus generated vapour is employed for performing a heat-consuming operation in the preparation of another chemical product (second chemical product) in a second production plant.

The present invention relates to a process for producing isocyanates in process chains, each of which produce an isocyanate end product via at least one intermediate product, wherein the heat energy liberated in a first production plant in a heat-emitting operation of producing an intermediate product, an isocyanate end product or a catalyst required for a substep of the process chain (first chemical product) is at least partly utilized for generating vapour, in particular water vapour, having a pressure of 1.31 bar.sub.(abs.) to 1.91 bar.sub.(abs.) and a temperature of 107 C. to 119 C. and the thus generated vapour is employed for performing a heat-consuming operation in the preparation of another chemical product (second chemical product) in a second production plant.

The present invention relates to a process for producing isocyanates in process chains, each of which produce an isocyanate end product via at least one intermediate product, wherein the heat energy liberated in a first production plant in a heat-emitting operation of producing an intermediate product, an isocyanate end product or a catalyst required for a substep of the process chain (first chemical product) is at least partly utilized for generating vapour, in particular water vapour, having a pressure of 1.31 bar.sub.(abs.) to 1.91 bar.sub.(abs.) and a temperature of 107 C. to 119 C. and the thus generated vapour is employed for performing a heat-consuming operation in the preparation of another chemical product (second chemical product) in a second production plant.

A simple production process is provided of a perfluoroalkyl compound that uses monohydroperfluoroalkane as a starting material, the perfluoroalkyl compound being an important intermediate of organic electronic materials, medicine, agricultural chemicals, functional polymer materials and the like. With monohydroperfluoroalkane is reacted a base and then a carbonyl compound to produce an alcohol having a perfluoroalkyl group. For example, potassium hydroxide is made to interact with trifluoromethane, and a reaction with a carbonyl compound is induced to produce an alcohol having a trifluoromethyl group.

A simple production process is provided of a perfluoroalkyl compound that uses monohydroperfluoroalkane as a starting material, the perfluoroalkyl compound being an important intermediate of organic electronic materials, medicine, agricultural chemicals, functional polymer materials and the like. With monohydroperfluoroalkane is reacted a base and then a carbonyl compound to produce an alcohol having a perfluoroalkyl group. For example, potassium hydroxide is made to interact with trifluoromethane, and a reaction with a carbonyl compound is induced to produce an alcohol having a trifluoromethyl group.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing aniline or an aniline derivative, comprising the steps of (I) providing aminobenzoic acid, (II) decarboxylating the aminobenzoic acid to aniline in the presence of an inorganic heterogeneous metal oxide catalyst containing, in relation to the total mass of metal oxides, a mass fraction of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 of 40.0% to 100%, preferably 50.0% to 100%, particularly preferably 60.0% to 100%, the mass fraction of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, in relation to the total mass of the inorganic heterogeneous metal oxide catalyst, being 25% to 100%, and (III) optionally reacting the aniline to form an aniline derivative.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing aniline or an aniline derivative, comprising the steps of (I) providing aminobenzoic acid, (II) decarboxylating the aminobenzoic acid to aniline in the presence of an inorganic heterogeneous metal oxide catalyst containing, in relation to the total mass of metal oxides, a mass fraction of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 of 40.0% to 100%, preferably 50.0% to 100%, particularly preferably 60.0% to 100%, the mass fraction of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, in relation to the total mass of the inorganic heterogeneous metal oxide catalyst, being 25% to 100%, and (III) optionally reacting the aniline to form an aniline derivative.

Silica-based organogels, including aerogels, incorporating hexahydrotriazine and/or hemiaminal species are described. These organo-silica gel materials can have applications as insulating materials. In a particular example, an aerogel includes silica groups and a hexahydrotriazine moiety with at least one nitrogen atom that is covalently linked to a silica group. Methods of making such silica-based organogels are also described.

The invention relates to a production process for polyamines through condensation of aromatic amines with formaldehyde employing at least one solid zeolite catalyst partially or fully ion-exchanged to the protonic form which has been A) alkaline-treated, wherein the alkaline treatment is in case of BEA zeolites carried out in the presence of a pore-directing agent and in case of zeolites other than BEA zeolites in the presence or absence of a pore-directing agent,
or B) acid-treated without any alkaline treatment preceding or following said acid treatment, wherein the acid treatment is effected with an organic acid with chelating function.