The present application provides solvent-free methods for decarboxylation of amino acids via imine formation with a ketone, enone, enal, aldehyde co-reagent or combination thereof, under heated conditions, with optional recovery of the co-reagent and/or co-reagent byproduct.

The present invention relates to a device for separating two immiscible phases and/or for extracting one phase with another phase (phase separation or extraction device), comprising at least one vessel for receiving the at least two phases, at least one pipe for supplying a fluid to the vessel, at least one pipe for discharging a fluid from the vessel, and at least one arrangement comprising a transparent disk for observing the separation operation or the extraction operation, wherein at least the side of the transparent disk that faces the phases to be separated or extracted consists of sapphire (sapphire glass) or mica (mica disk), and to the use of such a device in the preparation of di- and poly-amines of the diphenylmethane series.

Silica-based organogels, including aerogels, incorporating hexahydrotriazine and/or hemiaminal species are described. These organo-silica gel materials can have applications as insulating materials. In a particular example, an aerogel includes silica groups and a hexahydrotriazine moiety with at least one nitrogen atom that is covalently linked to a silica group. Methods of making such silica-based organogels are also described.

The present application provides for a compound of Formula I,

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, and/or ester thereof, compositions containing such compounds, therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, and therapeutic methods and include the administration of such compounds with at least one additional therapeutic agent.

The present invention relates to compounds TAAR receptor antagonists of formula I wherein X, R, L, Ar and R.sup.1 are as described herein, compositions containing compounds of formula I, methods of manufacture of compounds of formula I and methods of treating psychiatric disorders with compounds of formula I. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compounds TAAR receptor antagonists of formula I wherein X, R, L, Ar and R.sup.1 are as described herein, compositions containing compounds of formula I, methods of manufacture of compounds of formula I and methods of treating psychiatric disorders with compounds of formula I. ##STR00001##

Compositions and methods useful in administering nucleic acid based therapies, for example association complexes such as liposomes and lipoplexes are described.

Compositions and methods useful in administering nucleic acid based therapies, for example association complexes such as liposomes and lipoplexes are described.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of diaminobutane from ornithine, comprising steps of: i. preparing a solution of (a) a salt of ornithine and an acid; and (b) an aldehyde or a ketone, or a mixture thereof; in (c) a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises a protic organic solvent or a dipolar aprotic organic solvent, or a mixture thereof and ii. heating the solution to a temperature above 100 C., thereby inducing decarboxylation of the ornithine and formation of diaminobutane.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of diaminobutane from ornithine, comprising steps of: i. preparing a solution of (a) a salt of ornithine and an acid; and (b) an aldehyde or a ketone, or a mixture thereof; in (c) a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises a protic organic solvent or a dipolar aprotic organic solvent, or a mixture thereof and ii. heating the solution to a temperature above 100 C., thereby inducing decarboxylation of the ornithine and formation of diaminobutane.