A quaternary amine composition selected from the group consisting of Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, and combinations of the same. A method of synthesizing a quaternary amine composition comprising the steps of reacting an alkoxylated dimer diamine with a methyl halogen, where the methyl halogen is selected from the group consisting of methyl chloride, methyl iodine, and combinations of the same; and allowing the reaction to proceed to produce the quaternary amine composition, the quaternary amine composition selected from the group consisting of Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, and combinations of the same. A method of treating a well comprising the steps of introducing an additive-containing well fluid to a well, where the additive-containing well fluid comprises a quaternary amine composition and a well fluid, allowing the additive-containing well fluid to interact with the well, and treating the well with the additive-containing fluid.

A method for eliminating pressure loss (pressure difference) caused by salt derived from impurities in raw materials in a distillation facility during operation without negative effect on the quality of products and production efficiency is provided. The method for eliminating occurrence of pressure difference caused by precipitation of salt in a distillation facility includes using a specific quaternary ammonium compound.

Novel crystalline particles, methods for manufacture of crystalline particles, and solid unit dosage forms, particularly tablets or capsules, of bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate are provided. In particular, provided herein are crystalline particles that allow for a more stable solid unit dosage form of bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate.

Novel crystalline particles, methods for manufacture of crystalline particles, and solid unit dosage forms, particularly tablets or capsules, of bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate are provided. In particular, provided herein are crystalline particles that allow for a more stable solid unit dosage form of bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate.

Tertiary amine and quaternary ammonium compounds of Formula I and/or Formula II are provided. The present technology also provides compositions that include one or more of the compounds that may be useful for electronics processing (e.g., semiconductor processing composition), cleaning, stripping, degreasing, or a combination of two or more thereof. The compounds of Formula I and/or Formula II may be useful as a low toxicity substitute for tetramethylammonium hydroxide.

The present invention refers to: crystalline tizoxanide amine salts, such as e.g. the ethanolamine salt, the morpholine salt, the propanolamine salt, the piperazine salt and the N-methylpiperazine salt, crystalline amine salts of 2-hydroxy-N-(5-halo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl) benzamide derivatives, such as e.g. the 2-hydroxy-N-(5-chloro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)benzamide (RM-4848), a method for preparing a tizoxanide amine salt from its prodrug nitazoxanide (NTZ), pharmaceutical compositions comprising tizoxanide amine salts, tizoxanide amine salts for use as an antiviral or antiparasitic agent.

The present invention refers to: crystalline tizoxanide amine salts, such as e.g. the ethanolamine salt, the morpholine salt, the propanolamine salt, the piperazine salt and the N-methylpiperazine salt, crystalline amine salts of 2-hydroxy-N-(5-halo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl) benzamide derivatives, such as e.g. the 2-hydroxy-N-(5-chloro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)benzamide (RM-4848), a method for preparing a tizoxanide amine salt from its prodrug nitazoxanide (NTZ), pharmaceutical compositions comprising tizoxanide amine salts, tizoxanide amine salts for use as an antiviral or antiparasitic agent.

A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): (I) wherein R.sup.0, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X is a linking group, R.sup.4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that n is not 0 when R5 is hydrogen. ##STR00001##

A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): (I) wherein R.sup.0, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X is a linking group, R.sup.4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that n is not 0 when R5 is hydrogen. ##STR00001##

The present invention discloses an ionic liquid composition comprising an at least partially hydrophobic ionic liquid, wherein the at least partially hydrophobic ionic liquid comprises a di cation comprising two monocationic groups linked by a bridging group wherein the bridging group provides an at least partially hydrophobic character. The composition may also include a hydrophilic ionic liquid. The hydrophobic ionic liquid may include a quaternary ammonium group which may be substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic and the bridging group is a unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alkylene or C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alkoxy alkyl. Also disclosed is a nanoemulsion formulation which includes the ionic liquid compositions, at least one polymer, a hydrophobic liquid, an aqueous liquid, and a hydrophobic or hydrophilic therapeutic agent. Methods to deliver a therapeutic agent by delivering a nanoemulsion and methods to make a nanoemulsion are also disclosed.