In one embodiment, the application discloses a composition for the reduction of an organic compound comprising a nitro group to form an organic compound comprising an amine group, the composition comprising: a) a transition metal salt; b) an iron salt; and c) a reducing agent; and methods for the use of such compositions, including Click chemistry and cross coupling reactions.

The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of Ivacaftor intermediates. The present invention is also provides industrial applicable, commercially and eco-friendly viable process for the preparation of Ivacaftor.

The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of Ivacaftor intermediates. The present invention is also provides industrial applicable, commercially and eco-friendly viable process for the preparation of Ivacaftor.

The present disclosure provides compounds represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or salts or solvates thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, and X are as defined in the specification. The present disclosure also provides compositions, vulcanized elastomeric articles, lubricant compositions, combustible fuel compositions, and fuel additive compositions comprising a compound disclosed herein. The present disclosure also provides processes for preparing the compositions and vulcanized elastomeric articles described herein. The present disclosure also provides a process for retreading tires using a composition described herein. The present disclosure also provides kits comprising a composition described herein.

The present disclosure provides compounds represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or salts or solvates thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, and X are as defined in the specification. The present disclosure also provides compositions, vulcanized elastomeric articles, lubricant compositions, combustible fuel compositions, and fuel additive compositions comprising a compound disclosed herein. The present disclosure also provides processes for preparing the compositions and vulcanized elastomeric articles described herein. The present disclosure also provides a process for retreading tires using a composition described herein. The present disclosure also provides kits comprising a composition described herein.

A method for producing paracetamol from renewable biological feedstocks. The method comprises isolating p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) or a mixture of pHBA and p-hydroxybenzamide (pHBAm) from biomass. One version of the method comprises converting pHBA to pHBAm, subsequently to p-aminophenol (pAmP), and subsequently to paracetamol. The yield can be increased by recycling unreacted pHBAm to feed into the amide to amine conversion step. In a second version of the method, the phenolic hydroxyl group of pHBA or pHBAm is first protected. The subsequent reactions proceed as noted, with deprotection as the last step.

A method for producing paracetamol from renewable biological feedstocks. The method comprises isolating p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) or a mixture of pHBA and p-hydroxybenzamide (pHBAm) from biomass. One version of the method comprises converting pHBA to pHBAm, subsequently to p-aminophenol (pAmP), and subsequently to paracetamol. The yield can be increased by recycling unreacted pHBAm to feed into the amide to amine conversion step. In a second version of the method, the phenolic hydroxyl group of pHBA or pHBAm is first protected. The subsequent reactions proceed as noted, with deprotection as the last step.

The present invention relates to transition-metal-free process for the synthesis of tertiary arylamines comprises coupling reaction between arynes and N,N-dimethyl aniline compounds in presence of 18-crown-6, KF and THF.

The present invention relates to transition-metal-free process for the synthesis of tertiary arylamines comprises coupling reaction between arynes and N,N-dimethyl aniline compounds in presence of 18-crown-6, KF and THF.

The present invention relates to therapeutic applications of aniline derivatives of formula (I), for example in treating glaucoma: Formula (I), R1a represents H, an halogen, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl or a CN; R1b represents H, an halogen or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; R1c represents H or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; R2 represents H, an halogen, an OH, an O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; R3 represents H, an halogen, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, an OH, an O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, a CONH.sub.2 or CN; R4 represents H, an halogen or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; R5 represents H or F: R7 represents H or F; R8 represents H or F; R9 represents H or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, or one of its enantiomers. ##STR00001##