This disclosure relates to anti-agglomerant low dosage hydrate inhibitors that can inhibit the formation of hydrate agglomerants and/or plugs. Thus, provided herein are carboxy alkyl ester compounds that can be used in hydrate inhibitor compositions and methods of inhibiting formation of hydrate agglomerants in a fluid comprising water, a gas, and optionally a liquid hydrocarbon. Also provided herein are methods of making the carboxy alkyl ester compound.

Disclosed herein is a process for making a compound of formula (2) by (hetero)aromatic CH hydroxylation of a compound of formula (1): catalyzed by palladium(II) and a bidentate ligand in the presence of O.sub.2. The process is useful for instance, in the late-stage modification of medicinally important heterocycles.

##STR00001##

Disclosed herein is a process for making a compound of formula (2) by (hetero)aromatic CH hydroxylation of a compound of formula (1): catalyzed by palladium(II) and a bidentate ligand in the presence of O.sub.2. The process is useful for instance, in the late-stage modification of medicinally important heterocycles.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process of manufacturing 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid hexyl ester having a Gardner value of 8.2 or less comprising adjusting the reaction mixture obtained by reacting 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid with n-hexanol to a pH of more than 7 followed by extracting at least once with an aqueous phase and adsorbing the dissolved 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid hexyl ester over at least two different adsorbents.

The present invention relates to a process of manufacturing 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid hexyl ester having a Gardner value of 8.2 or less comprising adjusting the reaction mixture obtained by reacting 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid with n-hexanol to a pH of more than 7 followed by extracting at least once with an aqueous phase and adsorbing the dissolved 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid hexyl ester over at least two different adsorbents.

Process for manufacturing a crystalline alkali metal salt of the general formula (I) [R.sup.1CH(COO)N(CH.sub.2COO).sub.2]M.sup.1.sub.3 (I) wherein M.sup.1 is selected from alkali metal cations, same or different, R.sup.1 is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl and CH.sub.2CH.sub.2COOM.sup.1, comprising the step of (b) crystallizing said alkali metal salt from an aqueous solution containing in the range of from 5 to 30% by weight of alkali metal hydroxide, referring to said aqueous solution.

Process for manufacturing a crystalline alkali metal salt of the general formula (I) [R.sup.1CH(COO)N(CH.sub.2COO).sub.2]M.sup.1.sub.3 (I) wherein M.sup.1 is selected from alkali metal cations, same or different, R.sup.1 is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl and CH.sub.2CH.sub.2COOM.sup.1, comprising the step of (b) crystallizing said alkali metal salt from an aqueous solution containing in the range of from 5 to 30% by weight of alkali metal hydroxide, referring to said aqueous solution.

The present invention relates to amino alcohol compounds and to the preparation thereof from fatty esters comprising at least two carbon-carbon double bonds. In particular, the present invention relates to fatty amino alcohol compounds obtained by means of a process coupling, in a single step, a hydroaminomethylation reaction and a hydrohydroxymethylation reaction.

The present invention relates to amino alcohol compounds and to the preparation thereof from fatty esters comprising at least two carbon-carbon double bonds. In particular, the present invention relates to fatty amino alcohol compounds obtained by means of a process coupling, in a single step, a hydroaminomethylation reaction and a hydrohydroxymethylation reaction.

Disclosed herein are compounds of formula ArN(SO.sub.2F).sub.2, wherein Ar is selected from an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted five-membered heteroaryl, or an optionally substituted six-membered heteroaryl. Also disclosed are methods of synthesizing the above compounds by reacting a compound of formula ArNHR.sub.9 with MN(SO.sub.2F).sub.2.