The invention relates to an overall enantio-specific synthesis of 4-chlorokynurenine compounds, in particular L-4-chlorokynurenine, with improved yields. Large-scale syntheses are disclosed. The invention also relates to novel intermediates in the synthesis of L-4-chlorokynurenine.

A method for preparing (2S,3S)-3-amino-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate is in the field of pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis. The method uses 3-carbonyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate as the starting material and performs reductive amination, alkalinity configuration flip, and hydrogenation to remove the protecting group in sequence to obtain the target product. This synthesis method of (2S,3S)-3-amino-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate is characterized by a novel route, mild reaction conditions and low cost, with a yield of more than 65%.

A method for preparing (2S,3S)-3-amino-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate is in the field of pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis. The method uses 3-carbonyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate as the starting material and performs reductive amination, alkalinity configuration flip, and hydrogenation to remove the protecting group in sequence to obtain the target product. This synthesis method of (2S,3S)-3-amino-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate is characterized by a novel route, mild reaction conditions and low cost, with a yield of more than 65%.

Disclosed are methods for preparing deuterated analogs of D-serine and compounds useful for preparing deuterated analogs of D-serine.

Disclosed are methods for preparing deuterated analogs of D-serine and compounds useful for preparing deuterated analogs of D-serine.

Disclosed are methods for preparing deuterated analogs of D-serine and compounds useful for preparing deuterated analogs of D-serine.

Described herein are methods of inducing an immune response directed towards preventing or reducing the risk of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a mammalian subject. The subject is administered an effective amount of a composition containing IgM antibodies directed to an epitope of an envelope protein of the HIV virus. Also disclosed here are vaccine compositions comprising IgM antibodies directed to one or more epitopes of one or more human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins. Also disclosed are recombinant immunoglobulin M compositions containing a Fcγ fragment of an immunoglobulin G.

Described herein are methods of inducing an immune response directed towards preventing or reducing the risk of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a mammalian subject. The subject is administered an effective amount of a composition containing IgM antibodies directed to an epitope of an envelope protein of the HIV virus. Also disclosed here are vaccine compositions comprising IgM antibodies directed to one or more epitopes of one or more human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins. Also disclosed are recombinant immunoglobulin M compositions containing a Fcγ fragment of an immunoglobulin G.

The present invention provides an improved process for preparation of L-threo-(2S,3R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)serine (I) (Droxidopa) and its salts; comprising (a) reaction of the aldehyde compound (III) (as described herein) with Metal complex (II) (as described herein), and (h) hydrolysis of the compound (IV) obtained from step (a) in presence of acid. The present invention also relates to a novel intermediates metal chiral complex (IV) for the preparation of Droxidopa.

The present invention provides an improved process for preparation of L-threo-(2S,3R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)serine (I) (Droxidopa) and its salts; comprising (a) reaction of the aldehyde compound (III) (as described herein) with Metal complex (II) (as described herein), and (h) hydrolysis of the compound (IV) obtained from step (a) in presence of acid. The present invention also relates to a novel intermediates metal chiral complex (IV) for the preparation of Droxidopa.