Improved methods of synthesis of a restrained complexing agent are described herein. Compounds, including salts and solvates thereof, and compositions relevant to the improved methods are also described.

The present invention provides a compound useful as a synthetic intermediate for an anti-HIV agent having an integrase inhibitory activity, and a production method thereof, and a production method of an anti-HIV agent using the synthetic intermediate. Specifically, for example, a compound represented by the formula (2):

##STR00001##

wherein R is a fluorine atom or a methoxy group, and R.sup.400 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl group, or a salt thereof, and a production method thereof, and a production method of an anti-HIV agent using the synthetic intermediate.

The present invention provides a compound useful as a synthetic intermediate for an anti-HIV agent having an integrase inhibitory activity, and a production method thereof, and a production method of an anti-HIV agent using the synthetic intermediate. Specifically, for example, a compound represented by the formula (2):

##STR00001##

wherein R is a fluorine atom or a methoxy group, and R.sup.400 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl group, or a salt thereof, and a production method thereof, and a production method of an anti-HIV agent using the synthetic intermediate.

A method of enhancing binding of cells to an integrin-binding ligand comprises treating integrin-expressing cells in vitro with an agonist of integrin, wherein the integrin is selected from the group consisting of ?4?1, ?5?1, ?4?7, ?v?3 and ?L?2, and contacting the treated cells with an integrin-binding ligand; integrin agonist compounds having the general formula I; methods of treating integrin-expressing cells with such agonists to enhance binding; and therapeutic methods comprising administering agonist-treated cells or agonist compounds to a mammal.

A method of enhancing binding of cells to an integrin-binding ligand comprises treating integrin-expressing cells in vitro with an agonist of integrin, wherein the integrin is selected from the group consisting of ?4?1, ?5?1, ?4?7, ?v?3 and ?L?2, and contacting the treated cells with an integrin-binding ligand; integrin agonist compounds having the general formula I; methods of treating integrin-expressing cells with such agonists to enhance binding; and therapeutic methods comprising administering agonist-treated cells or agonist compounds to a mammal.

Formulations containing pharmaceutically active compounds with improved stability.

Formulations containing pharmaceutically active compounds with improved stability.

The invention generally relates to adenylyl cyclase inhibitor compounds and methods for treating neuropathic or inflammatory pain by using those compounds.

The invention generally relates to adenylyl cyclase inhibitor compounds and methods for treating neuropathic or inflammatory pain by using those compounds.

Amides substituted with aromatic groups were synthesized and some were purified to create enantiomer pure compounds. The compounds were tested to determine their ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and the formation of biofilms created by bacteria. Some of these compounds were found to be effective antibacterials and to effectively inhibit the formation of biofilms.