The present invention relates to a novel cathode buffer layer material and an organic photoelectric device including the same. When the novel compound of the present invention is applied to a cathode buffer layer of an organic photoelectric device, for example, an organic solar cell or an organic photodiode, there is an effect in which the surface characteristics of an electron transport layer are improved through the high dipole moment of the novel compound to thereby facilitate electron extraction from a photoactive layer to a cathode electrode and to reduce series resistance and leakage current, and accordingly, the performance of an organic optoelectronic device (organic solar cell, organic photodiode, etc.) to be manufactured can be remarkably improved, which is industrially advantageous.

Compounds that are inhibitors of retinoic acid inducible P450 (CYP26) enzymes. The compounds have retinoid activity, are resistant to CYP26-mediated catabolism, act as inhibitors of CYP26B1, and are used for treating diseases that are responsive to retinoids.

A blue light blocking system including a pyrazoline compound of formula (I) or/and a phenylacrylic compound of formula (II) is provided. The compound of formula (I) or formula (II) can absorb most blue light of shorter wavelength that hurt eyes, but let that of the longer wavelength pass through, so that the transmitted light makes an excellent visual effect for human. The system can be applied to products such as optical films, optical lenses, goggles, skin care, lighting, coatings, adhesives, or panels. These products have a light-colored appearance and their transmitted light makes for an excellent visual effect.

##STR00001##

A blue light blocking system including a pyrazoline compound of formula (I) or/and a phenylacrylic compound of formula (II) is provided. The compound of formula (I) or formula (II) can absorb most blue light of shorter wavelength that hurt eyes, but let that of the longer wavelength pass through, so that the transmitted light makes an excellent visual effect for human. The system can be applied to products such as optical films, optical lenses, goggles, skin care, lighting, coatings, adhesives, or panels. These products have a light-colored appearance and their transmitted light makes for an excellent visual effect.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of a nitrogen containing biopolymer-based catalyst and to the novel nitrogen containing biopolymer-based catalysts obtainable by this process. In particular, the invention relates to a novel nitrogen containing biopolymer-based catalyst comprising metal particles and at least one nitrogen containing carbon layer. The invention also relates to the use of a nitrogen containing biopolymer-based catalyst in a hydrogenation process, preferably in a process for hydrogenation of nitroarenes, nitriles or imines; in a reductive dehalogenation process of CX bonds, wherein X is Cl, Br or I, preferably in a process for dehalogenation of organohalides or in a process for deuterium labelling of arenes via dehalogenation of organohalides; or in an oxidation process. Further, the invention relates to a metal complex with the nitrogen containing biopolymer, wherein the metal is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, nickel, palladium and platinum, and wherein the nitrogen containing biopolymer is selected from chitosan, chitin and a polyamino acid.

The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of a nitrogen containing biopolymer-based catalyst and to the novel nitrogen containing biopolymer-based catalysts obtainable by this process. In particular, the invention relates to a novel nitrogen containing biopolymer-based catalyst comprising metal particles and at least one nitrogen containing carbon layer. The invention also relates to the use of a nitrogen containing biopolymer-based catalyst in a hydrogenation process, preferably in a process for hydrogenation of nitroarenes, nitriles or imines; in a reductive dehalogenation process of CX bonds, wherein X is Cl, Br or I, preferably in a process for dehalogenation of organohalides or in a process for deuterium labelling of arenes via dehalogenation of organohalides; or in an oxidation process. Further, the invention relates to a metal complex with the nitrogen containing biopolymer, wherein the metal is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, nickel, palladium and platinum, and wherein the nitrogen containing biopolymer is selected from chitosan, chitin and a polyamino acid.

An object of the present invention is to provide a compound that is useful as a hole transport material for providing a device for converting light into electricity that is capable of extracting current with high efficiency, and a device for converting light into electricity and a solar cell that include the compound in a hole transport layer and have favorable light/electricity conversion characteristics. The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (1) below. In the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.20 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or the like, and Y represents an oxygen atom or CR.sup.21R.sup.22, where R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 each represent a nitrile group, an acyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or the like.

##STR00001##

An object of the present invention is to provide a compound that is useful as a hole transport material for providing a device for converting light into electricity that is capable of extracting current with high efficiency, and a device for converting light into electricity and a solar cell that include the compound in a hole transport layer and have favorable light/electricity conversion characteristics. The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (1) below. In the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.20 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or the like, and Y represents an oxygen atom or CR.sup.21R.sup.22, where R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 each represent a nitrile group, an acyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or the like.

##STR00001##

Provided herein are an indene compound, e.g., a compound of Formula (I), and a pharmaceutical composition thereof. Also provided herein is a method of their use for treating, preventing, or ameliorating one or more symptoms of a fibrotic disease.

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The present disclosure is directed in part to methods of treating fibrosis, e.g., hepatic fibrosis and/or intestinal fibrosis, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a disclosed compound.