The invention generally relates to systems with anti-fouling control and methods for controlling fouling within a channel of a plug flow crystallizer. In certain aspects, the invention provides a system that includes a plug flow crystallizer having a channel, one or more heating/cooling elements, each operably associated with a different segment of the channel, and a controller. The controller is operably coupled to the one or more heating/cooling elements and configured to implement a temperature profile within the channel of the plug flow crystallizer that grows crystals in a plug of fluid that flows through a first segment of the channel and dissolves encrust in a second segment of the channel while having minimal impact on crystal growth in the plug of fluid in the second segment of the channel. In certain embodiments, these segments may be cyclically alternated, in that the segment in which crystal grows in one cycle becomes the segment in which crystal dissolves in the next cycle and vice versa, to realize a fully continuous crystallization process.

The invention generally relates to systems with anti-fouling control and methods for controlling fouling within a channel of a plug flow crystallizer. In certain aspects, the invention provides a system that includes a plug flow crystallizer having a channel, one or more heating/cooling elements, each operably associated with a different segment of the channel, and a controller. The controller is operably coupled to the one or more heating/cooling elements and configured to implement a temperature profile within the channel of the plug flow crystallizer that grows crystals in a plug of fluid that flows through a first segment of the channel and dissolves encrust in a second segment of the channel while having minimal impact on crystal growth in the plug of fluid in the second segment of the channel. In certain embodiments, these segments may be cyclically alternated, in that the segment in which crystal grows in one cycle becomes the segment in which crystal dissolves in the next cycle and vice versa, to realize a fully continuous crystallization process.

A method for the manufacture of N,N-dialkyllactamide, whereby at least one of the compounds selected from the series made of alkyl lactate, lactide and polylactic acid is mixed with dialkylamine in order to form a reaction mixture, under conditions whereby aminolysis takes place in the reaction mixture. The method is characterized in that the reaction mixture further includes a Lewis acid. As a result of the method, N,N-dialkyllactamides can be manufactured in high yields and with high optical purity.

A method for the manufacture of N,N-dialkyllactamide, whereby at least one of the compounds selected from the series made of alkyl lactate, lactide and polylactic acid is mixed with dialkylamine in order to form a reaction mixture, under conditions whereby aminolysis takes place in the reaction mixture. The method is characterized in that the reaction mixture further includes a Lewis acid. As a result of the method, N,N-dialkyllactamides can be manufactured in high yields and with high optical purity.

The present invention relates to a 5-step process for preparing iosimenol starting from ammonium 3-amino-5-(aminocarbonyl)benzoate which is first converted to 3-amino-5-(aminocarbonyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid using sodium iodine dichloride (NaICl.sub.2). The present invention further relates to processes for purifying iosimenol.

The present invention relates to a 5-step process for preparing iosimenol starting from ammonium 3-amino-5-(aminocarbonyl)benzoate which is first converted to 3-amino-5-(aminocarbonyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid using sodium iodine dichloride (NaICl.sub.2). The present invention further relates to processes for purifying iosimenol.

The present invention relates to a 5-step process for preparing iosimenol starting from ammonium 3-amino-5-(aminocarbonyl)benzoate which is first converted to 3-amino-5-(aminocarbonyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid using sodium iodine dichloride (NaICl.sub.2). The present invention further relates to processes for purifying iosimenol.

Provided is a supercritical fluid chromatography system, and components comprising such a system, including one or more of a supercritical fluid chiller, a supercritical fluid pressure-equalizing vessel, and a supercritical fluid cyclonic separator. The supercritical fluid chiller and the use of the chiller allow efficient and consistent pumping of liquid-phase gases employing off-the-shelf HPLC pumps in the supercritical chromatography system using liquid-phase gas mobile phase. The pressure equalizing vessel allows the use of off the shelf HPLC column cartridges in the supercritical chromatography system. The cyclonic separator efficiently and effectively allows for separation of sample molecules from a liquid phase or gas phase stream of a supercritical fluid.

Provided is a supercritical fluid chromatography system, and components comprising such a system, including one or more of a supercritical fluid chiller, a supercritical fluid pressure-equalizing vessel, and a supercritical fluid cyclonic separator. The supercritical fluid chiller and the use of the chiller allow efficient and consistent pumping of liquid-phase gases employing off-the-shelf HPLC pumps in the supercritical chromatography system using liquid-phase gas mobile phase. The pressure equalizing vessel allows the use of off the shelf HPLC column cartridges in the supercritical chromatography system. The cyclonic separator efficiently and effectively allows for separation of sample molecules from a liquid phase or gas phase stream of a supercritical fluid.

A system including a fluid receiver defined by a crystallization chamber, three or more fluid input conduits, wherein each fluid input conduit is configured to direct a fluid into the crystallization chamber such that the fluids from the fluid input conduits converge on a single spatial coordinate (X—Y—Z) within the crystallization chamber, and a fluid outlet body portion. A process for crystallization of the chemical compound is also disclosed. Polymorphs of paracetamol, carbamazapine, ketoprofen, atorvastatin, and itraconazole also are disclosed.