This disclosure relates to flavour modification and to compounds of formula (I) ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from C.sub.6-C.sub.20 alkyl, and C.sub.9-C.sub.25 alkenyl, R.sup.5 is C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, and a) n is 1; and i) R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen and R.sup.2 is the residue of a proteinogenic amino acid; ii) R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are methyl and R.sup.4 is hydrogen; or R.sup.4 is hydrogen and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 form together with the carbon atom to which they are attached cyclopropyl; iii) R.sup.2 is hydrogen, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2; b) n is 2 or 3 and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen, useful in modifying flavours.

Novel compounds having a formula ##STR00001##
embodiments of a method of making the same, and of a composition comprising them are disclosed herein. Also disclosed are embodiments of a method of treating or preventing a metabolic disorder in a subject, comprising administering to a subject (e.g., via the gastrointestinal tract) a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the disclosed compounds, thereby activating FXR receptors in the intestines, and treating or preventing a metabolic disorder in the subject. Additionally disclosed are embodiments of a method of treating or preventing inflammation in an intestinal region of a subject, comprising administering to the subject (e.g., via the gastrointestinal tract) a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the disclosed compounds, thereby activating FXR receptors in the intestines, and thereby treating or preventing inflammation in the intestinal region of the subject.

Novel compounds having a formula ##STR00001##
embodiments of a method of making the same, and of a composition comprising them are disclosed herein. Also disclosed are embodiments of a method of treating or preventing a metabolic disorder in a subject, comprising administering to a subject (e.g., via the gastrointestinal tract) a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the disclosed compounds, thereby activating FXR receptors in the intestines, and treating or preventing a metabolic disorder in the subject. Additionally disclosed are embodiments of a method of treating or preventing inflammation in an intestinal region of a subject, comprising administering to the subject (e.g., via the gastrointestinal tract) a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the disclosed compounds, thereby activating FXR receptors in the intestines, and thereby treating or preventing inflammation in the intestinal region of the subject.

A cooling agent composition contains a 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid derivative represented by the following general formula (1). The symbol * represents an asymmetric carbon atom. X represents NH, N(ZAr.sup.2), O or S, Z represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, Ar.sup.2 represents an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. Y each independently represents a methylene group which may have a substituent, and n represents an integer of 0 to 3. Ar.sup.1 represents an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

Dehydroabietic acid derivatives according to Formula Ia or Formula Ib and all stereoisomers thereof, having a linker chain A of 1 to 10 atoms selected from carbon, nitrogen and oxygen to a group X capable of being negatively charged at a physiological pH and covalently attached to the linker chain A, selected from carboxyl, sulfate, sulfonate and phosphate groups. The Dehydroabietic acid derivatives are useful for therapeutic treatment of hyperexcitability diseases

Dehydroabietic acid derivatives according to Formula Ia or Formula Ib and all stereoisomers thereof, having a linker chain A of 1 to 10 atoms selected from carbon, nitrogen and oxygen to a group X capable of being negatively charged at a physiological pH and covalently attached to the linker chain A, selected from carboxyl, sulfate, sulfonate and phosphate groups. The Dehydroabietic acid derivatives are useful for therapeutic treatment of hyperexcitability diseases

Disclosed is a novel adamantine derivative compound, an isomer thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, prodrug thereof, hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof. Also disclosed is a method for preparing a novel adamantine derivative compound, an isomer thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, prodrug thereof, hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof. The novel adamantane derivative compound or the like has an excellent anti-androgenic effect.

Disclosed is a novel adamantine derivative compound, an isomer thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, prodrug thereof, hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof. Also disclosed is a method for preparing a novel adamantine derivative compound, an isomer thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, prodrug thereof, hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof. The novel adamantane derivative compound or the like has an excellent anti-androgenic effect.