The present invention relates to the discovery that certain non-naturally occurring, non-peptide amide compounds and amide derivatives, such as oxalamides, ureas, and acrylamides, are useful flavor or taste modifiers, such as a flavoring or flavoring agents and flavor or taste enhancer, more particularly, savory (the “umami” taste of monosodium glutamate) or sweet taste modifiers, savory or sweet flavoring agents and savory or sweet flavor enhancers, for food, beverages, and other comestible or orally administered medicinal products or compositions.

Disclosed herein are compounds of formula (I) which are inhibitors of an IDO enzyme: (I). Also disclosed herein are uses of the compounds in the potential treatment or prevention of an IDO-associated disease or disorder. Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising these compounds. Further disclosed herein are uses of the compositions in the potential treatment or prevention of an IDO-associated disease or disorder. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds that can modulate DDAH and the amount of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in a subject. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, as well as methods of using these compositions to treat and/or prevent diseases associated with elevated or low levels of DDAH and ADMA.

Disclosed are compounds that can modulate DDAH and the amount of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in a subject. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, as well as methods of using these compositions to treat and/or prevent diseases associated with elevated or low levels of DDAH and ADMA.

Provided is a compound that can be used as a base resin for a photosensitive resin composition. The photosensitive resin can form a fine pattern and can achieve high resolution without impairing mechanical strength and solubility. The compound is represented by the general formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein Z represents a linear, branched or cyclic divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms; X.sup.1 to X.sup.3 represent any of —CO.sub.2—, —CONR.sup.X1—, —O—, —NR.sup.X1—, —S—, —SO.sub.2—, —SO.sub.3— and —SO.sub.2NR.sup.X1— and may be the same as or different from each other, provided that R.sup.X1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; Ar represents a divalent aromatic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms; L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and x and y are each independently 0 or 1.

Provided is a compound that can be used as a base resin for a photosensitive resin composition. The photosensitive resin can form a fine pattern and can achieve high resolution without impairing mechanical strength and solubility. The compound is represented by the general formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein Z represents a linear, branched or cyclic divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms; X.sup.1 to X.sup.3 represent any of —CO.sub.2—, —CONR.sup.X1—, —O—, —NR.sup.X1—, —S—, —SO.sub.2—, —SO.sub.3— and —SO.sub.2NR.sup.X1— and may be the same as or different from each other, provided that R.sup.X1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; Ar represents a divalent aromatic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms; L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and x and y are each independently 0 or 1.

A compound:

##STR00001##

wherein X.sup.1 represents an alkenylene group, a —NH—CO— group, a —CO—NH— group, Y.sup.1 represents an aryl group selected from pyridyl, pyrazinyl or pyrimidinyl, X.sup.2 represents —O—, —CO—NH—, —NH—CO—NH—, —OCH.sub.2—, —NH—CO—, a divalent 5-membered heteroaromatic ring comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms or —SO.sub.2—NH—, and Y.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a morpholinyl group, a piperidinyl group, optionally substituted by a (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl group, a piperazinyl group, optionally substituted by a (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl group, or —CR.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3 or alternatively X.sup.2—Y.sup.2 represents —CONR.sub.cR.sub.d, wherein R.sub.c and R.sub.d form, together with the nitrogen atom a heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted by one or two (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl group, by a cyclopentyl group thus forming a spirocyclopentyl, or by a trifluoromethyl group, or any of its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, for use in the treatment and/or prevention of a RNA virus infection caused by a RNA virus belonging to group IV or V of the Baltimore classification.

A compound:

##STR00001##

wherein X.sup.1 represents an alkenylene group, a —NH—CO— group, a —CO—NH— group, Y.sup.1 represents an aryl group selected from pyridyl, pyrazinyl or pyrimidinyl, X.sup.2 represents —O—, —CO—NH—, —NH—CO—NH—, —OCH.sub.2—, —NH—CO—, a divalent 5-membered heteroaromatic ring comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms or —SO.sub.2—NH—, and Y.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a morpholinyl group, a piperidinyl group, optionally substituted by a (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl group, a piperazinyl group, optionally substituted by a (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl group, or —CR.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3 or alternatively X.sup.2—Y.sup.2 represents —CONR.sub.cR.sub.d, wherein R.sub.c and R.sub.d form, together with the nitrogen atom a heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted by one or two (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl group, by a cyclopentyl group thus forming a spirocyclopentyl, or by a trifluoromethyl group, or any of its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, for use in the treatment and/or prevention of a RNA virus infection caused by a RNA virus belonging to group IV or V of the Baltimore classification.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001##
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, Y, and HET are as defined herein. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of using these compounds in the treatment of various diseases and disorders, processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates useful in these processes.

Provided is a thickening/stabilizing agent that thickens, gelatinizes, and/or stabilizes a fluid organic substance to a desired viscosity. The thickening/stabilizing agent according to the present invention contains a compound (1) represented by Formula (i) and a compound (2) represented by Formula (ii), in a mole ratio of the compound (1) to the compound (2) of 95:5 to 25:75. The four R.sup.1s in Formula (i) represent, identically in each occurrence, a C.sub.12-C.sub.18 aliphatic hydrocarbon group; and the four R.sup.2s in Formula (ii) represent, identically in each occurrence, an C.sub.4-C.sub.10 aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Formulae (i) and (ii) are expressed as follows: ##STR00001##