Disclosed are compounds of Formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V): ##STR00001##
and/or a salt thereof, wherein R.sub.1 is —OH or —OP(O)(OH).sub.2, and X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.a, R.sub.b, and R.sub.c are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein-coupled receptor S1P.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease.

Disclosed are compounds of Formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V): ##STR00001##
and/or a salt thereof, wherein R.sub.1 is —OH or —OP(O)(OH).sub.2, and X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.a, R.sub.b, and R.sub.c are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein-coupled receptor S1P.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease.

Provided are ion channel antagonists/blockers and uses thereof. Specifically, it provides the compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, solvates or prodrugs, preparation method therefor and application thereof. Definition of each group in the formula can be found in the specification for details. Provided is also pharmaceutical composition useful for treatment of heart disease and other ion channel related diseases.

##STR00001##

Provided are ion channel antagonists/blockers and uses thereof. Specifically, it provides the compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, solvates or prodrugs, preparation method therefor and application thereof. Definition of each group in the formula can be found in the specification for details. Provided is also pharmaceutical composition useful for treatment of heart disease and other ion channel related diseases.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a transition metal complex having a PNNP4 ligand, which is easy to manufacture and handle and is relatively inexpensively available, and a method for manufacturing the same, as well as a method using this transition metal complex as a catalyst for hydrogenation reduction of ketones, esters and amides to manufacture corresponding alcohols, aldehydes, hemiacetals and hemiaminals, a method using this transition metal complex as a catalyst for oxidation of alcohols, hemiacetals and hemiaminals to manufacture corresponding carbonyl compounds, and a method using this transition metal complex as a catalyst for dehydrogenation condensation between alcohols and amines to manufacture alkylamines.

The present invention relates to a transition metal complex having a PNNP4 ligand, which is easy to manufacture and handle and is relatively inexpensively available, and a method for manufacturing the same, as well as a method using this transition metal complex as a catalyst for hydrogenation reduction of ketones, esters and amides to manufacture corresponding alcohols, aldehydes, hemiacetals and hemiaminals, a method using this transition metal complex as a catalyst for oxidation of alcohols, hemiacetals and hemiaminals to manufacture corresponding carbonyl compounds, and a method using this transition metal complex as a catalyst for dehydrogenation condensation between alcohols and amines to manufacture alkylamines.

Disclosed is an antifreezing coolant composition, which does not include glycol but includes environmentally friendly materials, such as a carboxylic acid salt, an anthranilamide compound, a corrosion inhibitor and a triazole compound. The antifreezing coolant composition may form a thin film on the metal surface in cooling systems for vehicles to thereby exhibit high corrosion resistance at low and high temperatures, superior antifreezing performance at low temperatures, and superior cooling performance at high temperatures.

Disclosed is an antifreezing coolant composition, which does not include glycol but includes environmentally friendly materials, such as a carboxylic acid salt, an anthranilamide compound, a corrosion inhibitor and a triazole compound. The antifreezing coolant composition may form a thin film on the metal surface in cooling systems for vehicles to thereby exhibit high corrosion resistance at low and high temperatures, superior antifreezing performance at low temperatures, and superior cooling performance at high temperatures.

Provided herein are compounds useful in the treatment of bacterial infections, pharmaceuticals comprising the same, and methods of use and preparation thereof.

Provided herein are compounds useful in the treatment of bacterial infections, pharmaceuticals comprising the same, and methods of use and preparation thereof.