This invention is directed to, inter alia, compounds, methods, systems, and compositions for the maintenance, enhancement, and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells derived from sources of non-mobilized peripheral blood. Also provided herein are compounds of Formula I

##STR00001##

which are useful in maintaining, enhancing, and expanding of hematopoietic stem cells.

Disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing an aryl fluorosulfonate and a fluorinating reagent to a reaction mixture; and reacting the aryl fluorosulfonate and the fluorinating reagent to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Also disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing, a salt comprising a cation and an aryloxylate, and SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to a reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2 and the ammonium salt to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Further disclosed a fluorination method comprising providing a compound having the structure ArOH to a reaction mixture; where A is an aryl or heteroaryl; providing SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to the reaction mixture; providing a fluorinating reagent to the reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2, the fluorinating reagent and the compound having the structure ArOH to provide a fluorinated aryl species having the structure ArF.

Disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing an aryl fluorosulfonate and a fluorinating reagent to a reaction mixture; and reacting the aryl fluorosulfonate and the fluorinating reagent to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Also disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing, a salt comprising a cation and an aryloxylate, and SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to a reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2 and the ammonium salt to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Further disclosed a fluorination method comprising providing a compound having the structure ArOH to a reaction mixture; where A is an aryl or heteroaryl; providing SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to the reaction mixture; providing a fluorinating reagent to the reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2, the fluorinating reagent and the compound having the structure ArOH to provide a fluorinated aryl species having the structure ArF.

The present invention provides compositions and methods for inhibiting group II intron splicing for treating or preventing a disease or disorder associated with an organism harboring an active group II intron. The present invention also provides compositions and methods for inhibiting group II intron splicing for inhibiting, preventing or reducing growth of an organism harboring an active group II intron.

The disclosure provides methods of use of certain compounds that are useful for treating certain symptoms of endocrine disturbances, and in particular those associated with hot flashes.

The present invention provides a compound having the structure: ##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1 is halogen, NR.sub.5R.sub.6, NR.sub.5C(O)R.sub.6, NHC(O)OR.sub.7, OR.sub.7, NO.sub.2, CN, SR.sub.7, SO.sub.2R.sub.7, CO.sub.2R.sub.7, CF.sub.3, SOR.sub.7, POR.sub.7, C(S)R.sub.7, C(O)NR.sub.5R.sub.6, CH.sub.2C(O)NR.sub.5R.sub.6, C(NR.sub.5)R.sub.6, P(O)(OR.sub.5)(OR.sub.6), P(OR.sub.5)(OR.sub.6), C(S)R.sub.7, C.sub.1-5 alkyl, C.sub.2-5 alkenyl, C.sub.2-5 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl, wherein R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and R.sub.7 and are each, independently, H, C.sub.1-5 alkyl, C.sub.2-5 alkenyl, C.sub.2-5 alkynyl, heteroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C.sub.1-5 alkyl-aryl, or C.sub.1-5 alkyl-NH-aryl; Ar.sub.1 is phenyl or thiophene; wherein when Ar.sub.1 is phenyl, then R.sub.1 is other than C(O)NR.sub.5R.sub.6, where one of R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 is phenyl or quinoline and the other of R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 is hydroxyalkyl, or where one of R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 is quinoline and the other of R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 is H; and wherein when Ar.sub.1 is phenyl, then R.sub.1 is other than NR.sub.5C(O)R.sub.6, where one of R.sub.5 is H and R.sub.6 is quinoline,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention provides a compound having the structure: ##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1 is halogen, NR.sub.5R.sub.6, NR.sub.5C(O)R.sub.6, NHC(O)OR.sub.7, OR.sub.7, NO.sub.2, CN, SR.sub.7, SO.sub.2R.sub.7, CO.sub.2R.sub.7, CF.sub.3, SOR.sub.7, POR.sub.7, C(S)R.sub.7, C(O)NR.sub.5R.sub.6, CH.sub.2C(O)NR.sub.5R.sub.6, C(NR.sub.5)R.sub.6, P(O)(OR.sub.5)(OR.sub.6), P(OR.sub.5)(OR.sub.6), C(S)R.sub.7, C.sub.1-5 alkyl, C.sub.2-5 alkenyl, C.sub.2-5 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl, wherein R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and R.sub.7 and are each, independently, H, C.sub.1-5 alkyl, C.sub.2-5 alkenyl, C.sub.2-5 alkynyl, heteroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C.sub.1-5 alkyl-aryl, or C.sub.1-5 alkyl-NH-aryl; Ar.sub.1 is phenyl or thiophene; wherein when Ar.sub.1 is phenyl, then R.sub.1 is other than C(O)NR.sub.5R.sub.6, where one of R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 is phenyl or quinoline and the other of R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 is hydroxyalkyl, or where one of R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 is quinoline and the other of R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 is H; and wherein when Ar.sub.1 is phenyl, then R.sub.1 is other than NR.sub.5C(O)R.sub.6, where one of R.sub.5 is H and R.sub.6 is quinoline,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Described herein are compounds that are farnesoid X receptor agonists, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of conditions, diseases, or disorders associated with farnesoid X receptor activity.

Described herein are compounds that are farnesoid X receptor agonists, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of conditions, diseases, or disorders associated with farnesoid X receptor activity.

An object of the present invention is to provide a composition capable of forming a film having a high refractive index and excellent exterior characteristics. Another object of the present invention is to provide a film, a lens, and a solid-state imaging element in which the composition is used. Still another object of the present invention is to provide novel compounds.

The composition according to an embodiment of the present invention contains a compound represented by General Formula (I), a solvent, and a resin, in which a solubility of the compound represented by General Formula (I) in the solvent is less than 0.5% by mass at 25 C., and a maximum absorption wavelength of the compound represented by General Formula (I) at a wavelength range of 300 to 800 nm is equal to or shorter than 450 nm.

AB-C).sub.n (I)