The invention relates to the compounds and compositions of Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, Formula IV, Formula V, Formula VI or its pharmaceutical acceptable polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprises a salt of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and the methods for treating or preventing metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compounds and compositions may be used to treatment of diabetes mellitus, obesity, lipid disorders, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.

Disclosed are a glycerol derivative that is useful for improving, preventing or treating inflammation-related diseases by inhibiting overexpression of various inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6 and so on, or chemokine CXCL8 and reducing migration of HL-60 cell lines, preparation method therefor, and an immunomodulator containing the same as active ingredient. It includes a glycerol derivative represented by Chemical formula 2 or 3 in the specification.

The invention relates to chemically reactive and/or biologically active compounds, reagents and compositions thereof. More particularly, the invention provides novel reagents that are useful in chemical synthesis, functionalization, delivery, probing and/or analytical measurements of small molecule drugs, proteins, antibodies and other biomolecules. The invention provides novel biologically active agents useful as diagnostics or therapeutics, and related composition and methods of uses thereof.

The invention relates to chemically reactive and/or biologically active compounds, reagents and compositions thereof. More particularly, the invention provides novel reagents that are useful in chemical synthesis, functionalization, delivery, probing and/or analytical measurements of small molecule drugs, proteins, antibodies and other biomolecules. The invention provides novel biologically active agents useful as diagnostics or therapeutics, and related composition and methods of uses thereof.

The present invention provides A ceramide compound, comprising: a structure of general formula I or an enantiomer or diastereomer of general formula I:

##STR00001## in which: R.sup.1 is selected from the condensation residues of ferulic acid, sinapic acid, abscisic acid, sotretinoin, tretinoin, fusidic acid, royal jelly acid, sorbic acid, caffeic acid or trans-cinnamic acid; R.sup.2 is selected from one of the following structures:C.sub.15H.sub.29, C.sub.15H.sub.31, C.sub.15H.sub.27, CHOHC.sub.14H.sub.27, CHOHC.sub.14H.sub.29.

The present disclosure also provides a ceramide compound containing conjugated carboxylic acid, preparation method therefor and application thereof. The invention reacts functional carboxylic acid with sphingosine base to obtain a class of ceramide compound with novel structure. The introduction of physiologically active molecular fragments of functional carboxylic acids into ceramides will enhance the original efficacy of this type of molecules and also improve the physical and chemical properties of ceramide compound. For example, improving the antioxidant properties of ceramide compound.

The present invention provides A ceramide compound, comprising: a structure of general formula I or an enantiomer or diastereomer of general formula I:

##STR00001## in which: R.sup.1 is selected from the condensation residues of ferulic acid, sinapic acid, abscisic acid, sotretinoin, tretinoin, fusidic acid, royal jelly acid, sorbic acid, caffeic acid or trans-cinnamic acid; R.sup.2 is selected from one of the following structures:C.sub.15H.sub.29, C.sub.15H.sub.31, C.sub.15H.sub.27, CHOHC.sub.14H.sub.27, CHOHC.sub.14H.sub.29.

The present disclosure also provides a ceramide compound containing conjugated carboxylic acid, preparation method therefor and application thereof. The invention reacts functional carboxylic acid with sphingosine base to obtain a class of ceramide compound with novel structure. The introduction of physiologically active molecular fragments of functional carboxylic acids into ceramides will enhance the original efficacy of this type of molecules and also improve the physical and chemical properties of ceramide compound. For example, improving the antioxidant properties of ceramide compound.

A series of novel amides showing broad pharmaceutical activity. Compounds described herein are effective as anticonvulsants, chemical countermeasures, and analgesics. Such compounds also show, neuroprotective/neuroreparative effects and activity against spinal muscular atrophy. Such pharmaceutically active compounds show utility in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and disorders, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, migraine headaches, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, ALS, and Huntington's disease) spasticity, and bipolar disorder. Furthermore, such compounds may additionally find utility as analgesics (e.g., for the treatment of chronic or neuropathic pain) and as neuroprotective agents useful in the treatment of stroke(s), and/or traumatic brain and/or spinal cord injuries.

A series of novel amides showing broad pharmaceutical activity. Compounds described herein are effective as anticonvulsants, chemical countermeasures, and analgesics. Such compounds also show, neuroprotective/neuroreparative effects and activity against spinal muscular atrophy. Such pharmaceutically active compounds show utility in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and disorders, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, migraine headaches, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, ALS, and Huntington's disease) spasticity, and bipolar disorder. Furthermore, such compounds may additionally find utility as analgesics (e.g., for the treatment of chronic or neuropathic pain) and as neuroprotective agents useful in the treatment of stroke(s), and/or traumatic brain and/or spinal cord injuries.