The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of 2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic bisamide derivatives, which are useful intermediates in the preparation of non-ionic X-ray contrast agents, starting from the corresponding acyl chloride intermediates which are amidated in a mixture of specific hydrotropic solvents in the presence of a low amount of water. In addition, the invention relates to the use of such hydrotropic solvents in the preparation of said 2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic bisamide intermediates to produce non-ionic X-ray contrast agents.

The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of 2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic bisamide derivatives, which are useful intermediates in the preparation of non-ionic X-ray contrast agents, starting from the corresponding acyl chloride intermediates which are amidated in a mixture of specific hydrotropic solvents in the presence of a low amount of water. In addition, the invention relates to the use of such hydrotropic solvents in the preparation of said 2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic bisamide intermediates to produce non-ionic X-ray contrast agents.

Disclosed herein are non-natural amino acids and polypeptides that include at least one non-natural amino acid of Formula (I), and methods for making such non-natural amino acids and polypeptides.

Disclosed herein are non-natural amino acids and polypeptides that include at least one non-natural amino acid of Formula (I), and methods for making such non-natural amino acids and polypeptides.

Compounds of the formula I:

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, R.sup.1 is optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted pyridinyl, and R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using the compounds for treating diseases associated with P2X.sub.3 and/or a P2X.sub.2/3 receptor antagonists and methods of making the compounds.

The present invention provides compounds that bind to mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), methods of using said compounds to treat patients with Fanconi Anemia, and methods of preparing said compounds.

The present invention provides compounds that bind to mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), methods of using said compounds to treat patients with Fanconi Anemia, and methods of preparing said compounds.

Disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods for inhibiting tyrosine-mediated DNA repair in a neuroprotective manner and/or activating transcription and/or protein synthesis. Compositions include a resveratrol, such as cis-resveratrol, or a compound of Formula I or Formula II. Compounds of Formula I and Formula II have the following structures

##STR00001##

where the variables, e.g., Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 the A-ring, and W are defined herein. Said compound and compositions may be utilized in treating aging and age-associated neurocognitive and metabolic disorders including various types of cancer. In particular, compositions disclosed herein are neuroprotective against tyrosine/phenylalanine or their metabolites-mediated neurodegeneration and neurocognitive disorders. The disclosure also includes combination pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment in which cis-resveratrol, a compound of Formula I, a compound of Formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is used in combination with a GLP-1 receptor agonist for treating a traumatic brain injury or a neurodegenerative disorder.

Disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods for inhibiting tyrosine-mediated DNA repair in a neuroprotective manner and/or activating transcription and/or protein synthesis. Compositions include a resveratrol, such as cis-resveratrol, or a compound of Formula I or Formula II. Compounds of Formula I and Formula II have the following structures

##STR00001##

where the variables, e.g., Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 the A-ring, and W are defined herein. Said compound and compositions may be utilized in treating aging and age-associated neurocognitive and metabolic disorders including various types of cancer. In particular, compositions disclosed herein are neuroprotective against tyrosine/phenylalanine or their metabolites-mediated neurodegeneration and neurocognitive disorders. The disclosure also includes combination pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment in which cis-resveratrol, a compound of Formula I, a compound of Formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is used in combination with a GLP-1 receptor agonist for treating a traumatic brain injury or a neurodegenerative disorder.