An object of the present invention is to find a novel pharmaceutical that has an excellent tryptophanase inhibitory effect, and suppresses worsening of renal function to preserve the kidney by reducing production of indoxyl sulfate in the blood. Provided is a pharmaceutical composition containing, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof. In the formula (I), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different, and represent a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, a halogeno C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group or a C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl group; n represents 0, 1 or 2; each X represents a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom or the like; and Y represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkoxy group or a halogeno C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy group.

Disclosed are compounds of formulae:

##STR00001##

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.13, R.sub.14, R.sub.15, R.sub.16, R.sub.17, n, and m are defined herein. These compounds are useful for treating Gram-negative bacteria infections. Also disclosed are methods of making these compounds.

The present invention discloses a pyrazolamide compound of General Formula I having an insecticidal activity and an intermediate of General Formula II used to preparing the compound of General Formula I, wherein R.sub.1 is selected from chloro or CN, R.sub.2 is selected from H, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 haloalkyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkoxyalkyl, R.sub.3 is selected from halo or C.sub.1-C.sub.3 haloalkyl, R.sub.4 is selected from halo, and R.sub.5 is selected from H or halo. Compared with the compounds in the prior art, the compound of General Formula I of the present invention has a higher activity at a low concentration. This reduces the amount of the compound used and the residue of the compound in farmland, and is thus environmentally friendly.

Aramids and nanostructures formed from the aramids are described.

The present invention relates to the discovery of new class of hydrolysable amino acid derivatives and absorbable polyester amides, polyamides, polyepoxides, polyureas and polyurethanes prepared therefrom. The resultant absorbable polymers are useful for drug delivery, tissue engineering, tissue adhesives, adhesion prevention, bone wax formulations, medical device coatings, stents, stent coatings, highly porous foams, reticulated foams, wound care, cardiovascular applications, orthopedic devices, surface modifying agents and other implantable medical devices. In addition, these absorbable polymers should have a controlled degradation profile.

The present invention relates to the discovery of new class of hydrolysable amino acid derivatives and absorbable polyester amides, polyamides, polyepoxides, polyureas and polyurethanes prepared therefrom. The resultant absorbable polymers are useful for drug delivery, tissue engineering, tissue adhesives, adhesion prevention, bone wax formulations, medical device coatings, stents, stent coatings, highly porous foams, reticulated foams, wound care, cardiovascular applications, orthopedic devices, surface modifying agents and other implantable medical devices. In addition, these absorbable polymers should have a controlled degradation profile.

The present invention pertains to novel dual modulators of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The modulators of the invention were designed to provide compounds which harbor a dual activity as agonists of FXR and inhibitors (antagonists) of sEH. The invention also provides methods for treating subjects suffering from diseases associated with FXR and sEH, such as metabolic disorders, in particular non-alcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

The present invention pertains to novel dual modulators of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The modulators of the invention were designed to provide compounds which harbor a dual activity as agonists of FXR and inhibitors (antagonists) of sEH. The invention also provides methods for treating subjects suffering from diseases associated with FXR and sEH, such as metabolic disorders, in particular non-alcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

The present invention relates to the discovery of new class of hydrolysable amino acid derivatives and absorbable polyester amides, polyamides, polyepoxides, polyureas and polyurethanes prepared therefrom. The resultant absorbable polymers are useful for drug delivery, tissue engineering, tissue adhesives, adhesion prevention, bone wax formulations, medical device coatings, stents, stent coatings, highly porous foams, reticulated foams, wound care, cardiovascular applications, orthopedic devices, surface modifying agents and other implantable medical devices. In addition, these absorbable polymers should have a controlled degradation profile.

The present invention relates to the discovery of new class of hydrolysable amino acid derivatives and absorbable polyester amides, polyamides, polyepoxides, polyureas and polyurethanes prepared therefrom. The resultant absorbable polymers are useful for drug delivery, tissue engineering, tissue adhesives, adhesion prevention, bone wax formulations, medical device coatings, stents, stent coatings, highly porous foams, reticulated foams, wound care, cardiovascular applications, orthopedic devices, surface modifying agents and other implantable medical devices. In addition, these absorbable polymers should have a controlled degradation profile.