Provided are a complex prepared from ammonium salt-containing ligands and having such an equilibrium structural formula that the metal center takes a negative charge of 2 or higher, and a method for preparing polycarbonate via copolymerization of an epoxide compound and carbon dioxide using the complex as a catalyst. When the complex is used as a catalyst for copolymerizing an epoxide compound and carbon dioxide, it shows high activity and high selectivity and provides high-molecular weight polycarbonate, and thus easily applicable to commercial processes. In addition, after forming polycarbonate via carbon dioxide/epoxide copolymerization using the complex as a catalyst, the catalyst may be separately recovered from the copolymer.

Provided are a complex prepared from ammonium salt-containing ligands and having such an equilibrium structural formula that the metal center takes a negative charge of 2 or higher, and a method for preparing polycarbonate via copolymerization of an epoxide compound and carbon dioxide using the complex as a catalyst. When the complex is used as a catalyst for copolymerizing an epoxide compound and carbon dioxide, it shows high activity and high selectivity and provides high-molecular weight polycarbonate, and thus easily applicable to commercial processes. In addition, after forming polycarbonate via carbon dioxide/epoxide copolymerization using the complex as a catalyst, the catalyst may be separately recovered from the copolymer.

Disclosed is a fluorescent compound for the detection of isocyanate substances, a preparation method therefor and use thereof as a test-paper-type detection probe. The fluorescent compound is 2,4-di(((4′-(diphenylamino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol. The fluorescent compound is prepared by means of a one-step method. The fluorescent compound has simple and convenient preparation with high yield, and is capable of making a rapid and specific response to isocyanate substances. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent compound will enhance with the increase of the isocyanate concentration. The fluorescent compound can be made into a portable test-paper-type probe for the detection of isocyanate substances in air, and can achieve the visual detection of volatile isocyanate gases. The probe has an aggregation-induced emission effect, and thus it has higher fluorescence quantum yield when using a test-paper-type probe for detection.

Disclosed is a fluorescent compound for the detection of isocyanate substances, a preparation method therefor and use thereof as a test-paper-type detection probe. The fluorescent compound is 2,4-di(((4′-(diphenylamino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol. The fluorescent compound is prepared by means of a one-step method. The fluorescent compound has simple and convenient preparation with high yield, and is capable of making a rapid and specific response to isocyanate substances. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent compound will enhance with the increase of the isocyanate concentration. The fluorescent compound can be made into a portable test-paper-type probe for the detection of isocyanate substances in air, and can achieve the visual detection of volatile isocyanate gases. The probe has an aggregation-induced emission effect, and thus it has higher fluorescence quantum yield when using a test-paper-type probe for detection.

Novel Styryl Carboxylate derivatives are provided which exhibit activity for the treatment of immunological diseases, inflammation, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, neurological diseases, and diabetes.

Provided are an electrolytic solution for a non-aqueous secondary battery containing an electrolyte, an organic solvent, and a metal complex represented by General Formula (I), a non-aqueous secondary battery in which the electrolytic solution for a non-aqueous secondary battery is used, and a metal complex. ##STR00001## In General Formula (I), M represents a transition metal. k represents an integer of 0 or more, m represents an integer of 0 to 4, and n represents an integer of 1 or more. Here, k+n represents a valence of M. R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, a carbonyl group-containing group, a sulfonyl group-containing group, or a halogen atom. R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, a carbonyl group-containing group, a sulfonyl group-containing group, or a halogen atom. L represents a monodentate ligand.

Provided are an electrolytic solution for a non-aqueous secondary battery containing an electrolyte, an organic solvent, and a metal complex represented by General Formula (I), a non-aqueous secondary battery in which the electrolytic solution for a non-aqueous secondary battery is used, and a metal complex. ##STR00001## In General Formula (I), M represents a transition metal. k represents an integer of 0 or more, m represents an integer of 0 to 4, and n represents an integer of 1 or more. Here, k+n represents a valence of M. R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, a carbonyl group-containing group, a sulfonyl group-containing group, or a halogen atom. R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, a carbonyl group-containing group, a sulfonyl group-containing group, or a halogen atom. L represents a monodentate ligand.

Cleavable surfactants of formula (I) ##STR00001##
having a total hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of between 3 and 18 and wherein A is a group capable of releasing a flavor or fragrance aldehyde of formula (R.sup.1)CHO or a flavor or fragrance ketone of formula (R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)CO and is of formula ##STR00002##
wherein the wavy line indicates the location of the bond between L and A; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1-C.sub.18 hydrocarbon group, provided that at least one of the R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 groups has 6 consecutive carbon atoms and that both R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together comprise a maximum of 18 carbon atoms; and L is a linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated C.sub.3 to C.sub.40 hydrocarbon group. These surfactants solubilize and/or stabilize flavor and fragrance aldehydes and ketones in an aqueous environment and at the same time to control their release by hydrolysis.

Cleavable surfactants of formula (I) ##STR00001##
having a total hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of between 3 and 18 and wherein A is a group capable of releasing a flavor or fragrance aldehyde of formula (R.sup.1)CHO or a flavor or fragrance ketone of formula (R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)CO and is of formula ##STR00002##
wherein the wavy line indicates the location of the bond between L and A; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1-C.sub.18 hydrocarbon group, provided that at least one of the R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 groups has 6 consecutive carbon atoms and that both R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together comprise a maximum of 18 carbon atoms; and L is a linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated C.sub.3 to C.sub.40 hydrocarbon group. These surfactants solubilize and/or stabilize flavor and fragrance aldehydes and ketones in an aqueous environment and at the same time to control their release by hydrolysis.

The present invention relates to novel manganese complexes and their use, inter alia, for homogeneous catalysis in (1) the preparation of imine by dehydrogenative coupling of an alcohol and amine; (2) C—C coupling in Michael addition reaction using nitriles as Michael donors; (3) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to give esters and hydrogen gas (4) hydrogenation of esters to form alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di-lactones), or polyesters); (5) hydrogenation of amides (including cyclic dipeptides, lactams, diamide, polypeptides and polyamides) to alcohols and amines (or diamine); (6) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols or hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (7) dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (8) amidation of esters (i.e., synthesis of amides from esters and amines); (9) acylation of alcohols using esters; (10) coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; and (11) preparation of amino acids or their salts by coupling of amino alcohols with water and a hydrogenative coupling of alcohols and amines; (13) preparation of imides from diols. ##STR00001## ##STR00002##