The present invention relates to oxocarbon-, pseudooxocarbon- and radialene compounds as well as to their use as doping agent for doping an organic semiconductive matrix material, as blocker material, as charge injection layer, as electrode material as well as organic semiconductor, as well as electronic components and organic semiconductive materials using them.

The present invention relates to novel manganese complexes and their use, inter alia, for homogeneous catalysis in (1) the preparation of imine by dehydrogenative coupling of an alcohol and amine; (2) C—C coupling in Michael addition reaction using nitriles as Michael donors; (3) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to give esters and hydrogen gas (4) hydrogenation of esters to form alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di-lactones), or polyesters); (5) hydrogenation of amides (including cyclic dipeptides, lactams, diamide, polypeptides and polyamides) to alcohols and amines (or diamine); (6) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols or hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (7) dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (8) amidation of esters (i.e., synthesis of amides from esters and amines); (9) acylation of alcohols using esters; (10) coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; and (11) preparation of amino acids or their salts by coupling of amino alcohols with water and a hydrogenative coupling of alcohols and amines; (13) preparation of imides from diols. ##STR00001## ##STR00002##

The present invention relates to novel manganese complexes and their use, inter alia, for homogeneous catalysis in (1) the preparation of imine by dehydrogenative coupling of an alcohol and amine; (2) C—C coupling in Michael addition reaction using nitriles as Michael donors; (3) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to give esters and hydrogen gas (4) hydrogenation of esters to form alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di-lactones), or polyesters); (5) hydrogenation of amides (including cyclic dipeptides, lactams, diamide, polypeptides and polyamides) to alcohols and amines (or diamine); (6) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols or hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (7) dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (8) amidation of esters (i.e., synthesis of amides from esters and amines); (9) acylation of alcohols using esters; (10) coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; and (11) preparation of amino acids or their salts by coupling of amino alcohols with water and a hydrogenative coupling of alcohols and amines; (13) preparation of imides from diols. ##STR00001## ##STR00002##

A compound having a molecular weight of 3000 or less and a partial structure represented by Formula (X) is provided:

##STR00001##

In Formula (X), a ring W.sup.1 represents a ring structure having at least one double bond as a constituent element of the ring and having no aromaticity; and R.sup.3 represents a heterocyclic group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, a thiol group, a carboxy group, —SF.sub.5, —SF.sub.3, —SO.sub.3H, —SO.sub.2H, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.

A compound having a molecular weight of 3000 or less and a partial structure represented by Formula (X) is provided:

##STR00001##

In Formula (X), a ring W.sup.1 represents a ring structure having at least one double bond as a constituent element of the ring and having no aromaticity; and R.sup.3 represents a heterocyclic group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, a thiol group, a carboxy group, —SF.sub.5, —SF.sub.3, —SO.sub.3H, —SO.sub.2H, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.

Disclosed are a type of conjugated triene compounds (1), and a preparation and application thereof. In this method, a 2-(cyclohexenylidene)malonic acid derivative is sequentially subjected to isomerization, halogenation reaction in the presence of a halogenating agent and dehydrohalogenation to prepare the conjugated triene compounds (1). This disclosure further provides a method of preparing a 2-aryl malonic acid derivative from the conjugated triene compounds (1) through aromatization reaction.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are a type of conjugated triene compounds (1), and a preparation and application thereof. In this method, a 2-(cyclohexenylidene)malonic acid derivative is sequentially subjected to isomerization, halogenation reaction in the presence of a halogenating agent and dehydrohalogenation to prepare the conjugated triene compounds (1). This disclosure further provides a method of preparing a 2-aryl malonic acid derivative from the conjugated triene compounds (1) through aromatization reaction.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are a type of conjugated triene compounds (1), and a preparation and application thereof. In this method, a 2-(cyclohexenylidene)malonic acid derivative is sequentially subjected to isomerization, halogenation reaction in the presence of a halogenating agent and dehydrohalogenation to prepare the conjugated triene compounds (1). This disclosure further provides a method of preparing a 2-aryl malonic acid derivative from the conjugated triene compounds (1) through aromatization reaction.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are a type of halogenated conjugated diene compounds (1), and preparation and application thereof. In this method, a conjugated diene compounds is subjected to halogenation reaction to prepare the compound (1). This disclosure further provides a method of preparing a 2-arylmalonic acid derivative from the compound (1) through dehydrohalogenation and aromatization reaction.

##STR00001##

Provided are a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof, a nerve growth promoter containing the compound or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound or a salt thereof, a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases containing the compound or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, a therapeutic agent for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis containing the compound or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, a therapeutic agent for pain containing the compound or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, and a therapeutic agent for lower urinary tract dysfunction containing the compound or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.