A palladium(II) complex which catalyzes the Sonogashira coupling reaction efficiently under aerobic condition and a method of employing the palladium(II) complex to synthesize internal alkynes. The palladium(II) complex is an effective catalyst for the coupling reactions of aryl iodo and diiodo compounds with unactivated alkyl alkynes and terminal dialkynes to produce various novel symmetrical dialkynes and disubstituted internal alkynes in excellent yields.

The present invention relates to novel triazole derivatives of formula (I) having insecticidal activity, to processes and intermediates for preparing them, toinsecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal or molluscicidal compositions comprising them and to methods of using them to combat and control insect, acarine, nematode or mollusc pests (I) wherein X.sub.0, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, G.sub.1 and G2, and Q are as described in formula 1 or salts and n-Oxides thereof.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to novel triazole derivatives of formula (I) having insecticidal activity, to processes and intermediates for preparing them, toinsecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal or molluscicidal compositions comprising them and to methods of using them to combat and control insect, acarine, nematode or mollusc pests (I) wherein X.sub.0, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, G.sub.1 and G2, and Q are as described in formula 1 or salts and n-Oxides thereof.

##STR00001##

Described are methods for preparing a deuterated aldehyde using N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts in a solvent comprising D.sub.2O. The methods may be used to convert a wide variety of aldehydes (e.g., aryl, alkyl, or alkenyl aldehydes) to C-1 deuterated aldehydes under mild reaction conditions without functionality manipulation.

Described are methods for preparing a deuterated aldehyde using N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts in a solvent comprising D.sub.2O. The methods may be used to convert a wide variety of aldehydes (e.g., aryl, alkyl, or alkenyl aldehydes) to C-1 deuterated aldehydes under mild reaction conditions without functionality manipulation.

Biomass derived benzoin derivatives, and methods of making and using the same, are described. Benzoin derivatives may be used as visible light photoinitiators.

Biomass derived benzoin derivatives, and methods of making and using the same, are described. Benzoin derivatives may be used as visible light photoinitiators.