A process is described for the production of formaldehyde, comprising (a) subjecting methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream; (b) separating said formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream; wherein the vent gas stream, optionally after treatment in a vent gas treatment unit, is passed to one or more stages of: (i) synthesis gas generation, (ii) carbon dioxide removal, (iii) methanol synthesis or (iv) urea synthesis.

A process of granulation of a urea melt, comprising: adding a first additive containing carboxymethyl starch to one or more first stage(s) of the granulation process, to form a carcarboxymethyl starch containing inner layer of urea granules, and adding a second additive containing calcium lignosulfonate to one or more second stage(s) of the granulation process, downstream said first stages, to form granules with a coating containing calcium lignosulfonate.

A process of granulation of a urea melt, comprising: adding a first additive containing carboxymethyl starch to one or more first stage(s) of the granulation process, to form a carcarboxymethyl starch containing inner layer of urea granules, and adding a second additive containing calcium lignosulfonate to one or more second stage(s) of the granulation process, downstream said first stages, to form granules with a coating containing calcium lignosulfonate.

Processes and plants for the production of purified urea solution are described. In a described urea production process, urea is produced in a synthesis section without a high pressure stripper and the urea solution is subjected to purification after the recovery section, to give purified urea solution and off-gas. The purification comprises e.g. steam stripping.

Processes and plants for the production of purified urea solution are described. In a described urea production process, urea is produced in a synthesis section without a high pressure stripper and the urea solution is subjected to purification after the recovery section, to give purified urea solution and off-gas. The purification comprises e.g. steam stripping.

A process for the production of formaldehyde-stabilised urea is described comprising the steps of: (a) generating a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam in a synthesis gas generation unit, (b) subjecting the synthesis gas to one or more stages of water-gas shift in one or more water-gas shift reactors to form a shifted gas; (c) recovering carbon dioxide from the shifted gas in a carbon dioxide removal unit to form a carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas; (d) synthesising methanol from the carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis unit and recovering the methanol and a methanol synthesis off-gas comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and residual carbon monoxide; (e) subjecting at least a portion of the recovered methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit; (f) subjecting the methanol synthesis off-gas to methanation in a methanation reactor containing a methanation catalyst to form an ammonia synthesis gas; (g) synthesising ammonia from the ammonia synthesis gas in an ammonia production unit and recovering the ammonia; (h) reacting a portion of the ammonia and at least a portion of the recovered carbon dioxide stream in a urea production unit to form a urea stream; and (i) stabilising the urea by mixing the urea stream and a stabiliser prepared using formaldehyde recovered from the formaldehyde production unit, wherein a portion of the synthesis gas generated by the synthesis gas generation unit by-passes either the one or more water-gas shift reactors; the carbon dioxide removal unit; or the one or more water-gas shift reactors and the carbon dioxide removal unit.

A process for the production of formaldehyde-stabilised urea is described comprising the steps of: (a) generating a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam in a synthesis gas generation unit, (b) subjecting the synthesis gas to one or more stages of water-gas shift in one or more water-gas shift reactors to form a shifted gas; (c) recovering carbon dioxide from the shifted gas in a carbon dioxide removal unit to form a carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas; (d) synthesising methanol from the carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis unit and recovering the methanol and a methanol synthesis off-gas comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and residual carbon monoxide; (e) subjecting at least a portion of the recovered methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit; (f) subjecting the methanol synthesis off-gas to methanation in a methanation reactor containing a methanation catalyst to form an ammonia synthesis gas; (g) synthesising ammonia from the ammonia synthesis gas in an ammonia production unit and recovering the ammonia; (h) reacting a portion of the ammonia and at least a portion of the recovered carbon dioxide stream in a urea production unit to form a urea stream; and (i) stabilising the urea by mixing the urea stream and a stabiliser prepared using formaldehyde recovered from the formaldehyde production unit, wherein a portion of the synthesis gas generated by the synthesis gas generation unit by-passes either the one or more water-gas shift reactors; the carbon dioxide removal unit; or the one or more water-gas shift reactors and the carbon dioxide removal unit.

A process is described for the production of formaldehyde, comprising (a) subjecting methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream; (b) separating said formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream; wherein the vent gas stream, optionally after treatment in a vent gas treatment unit, is passed to one or more stages of: (i) synthesis gas generation, (ii) carbon dioxide removal, (iii) methanol synthesis or (iv) urea synthesis.

A process is described for the production of formaldehyde, comprising (a) subjecting methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream; (b) separating said formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream; wherein the vent gas stream, optionally after treatment in a vent gas treatment unit, is passed to one or more stages of: (i) synthesis gas generation, (ii) carbon dioxide removal, (iii) methanol synthesis or (iv) urea synthesis.

A process is described for the production of formaldehyde, comprising (a) subjecting methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream; (b) separating said formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream; wherein the vent gas stream, optionally after treatment in a vent gas treatment unit, is passed to one or more stages of: (i) synthesis gas generation, (ii) carbon dioxide removal, (iii) methanol synthesis or (iv) urea synthesis.