Carmustine may be safely and efficiently produced by reacting 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride and 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole to afford 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-urea, followed by nitrosation to give the final product.

Provided are processes for the preparation of (S)-tert-butyl 4,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, enantiomer, mixture of enantiomers, or isotopologue thereof. Also provided are solid forms of various intermediates and products obtained from the processes.

Provided are processes for the preparation of (S)-tert-butyl 4,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, enantiomer, mixture of enantiomers, or isotopologue thereof. Also provided are solid forms of various intermediates and products obtained from the processes.

The present invention is directed to a process for preparing amides or polyamides by replacing isocyanate starting materials of a catalyzed thermal reaction with aromatic carbamates. Through the catalyzed thermal process involving a non-isocyanate precursor of the present invention, efficiency for producing amides or polyamides can be significantly improved, and the impure side products produced from a side reaction of isocyanate can be greatly curtailed. Hence, amides or polyamides of high purity and yield can be achieved. The invention also relates to a process for preparing aromatic carbamates, the new non-isocyanate precursors for amides or polyamides.

The present invention relates to a process to prepare ethyleneamines of the formula NH.sub.2(C.sub.2H.sub.4NH).sub.pH wherein p is at least 3 or derivatives thereof wherein one or more units NHC.sub.2H.sub.4NH may be present as a cyclic ethylene urea unit or between two units NHC.sub.2H.sub.4NH a carbonyl moiety is present, by reacting an ethanolamine-functional compound, an amine-functional compound in the presence of a carbon oxide delivering agent, wherein the molar ratio of ethanolamine-functional compound to amine-functional compound is at least 0.7:1 and the molar ratio of carbon oxide delivering agent to amine-functional compound is at least 0.05:1.

The present invention relates to a process to prepare ethyleneamines of the formula NH.sub.2(C.sub.2H.sub.4NH).sub.pH wherein p is at least 3 or derivatives thereof wherein one or more units NHC.sub.2H.sub.4NH may be present as a cyclic ethylene urea unit or between two units NHC.sub.2H.sub.4NH a carbonyl moiety is present, by reacting an ethanolamine-functional compound, an amine-functional compound in the presence of a carbon oxide delivering agent, wherein the molar ratio of ethanolamine-functional compound to amine-functional compound is at least 0.7:1 and the molar ratio of carbon oxide delivering agent to amine-functional compound is at least 0.05:1.

The present invention provides a method for fixing carbon dioxide gas as a carbonyl compound represented by formula (3) as depicted by FIG. 1 and comprising, purging of carbon dioxide in a solution of a nucleophile represented by the formula (1) in presence of a solvent at a temperature ranging from 40 Degree Celsius to 35 Degree Celsius, followed by adding a reagent at temperature ranging from 40 degree to 35 degree and thereafter adding another nucleophile represented by the formula (2) to obtain carbonyl compound represented by formula (3). The present invention can be advantageously used to obtain commercially important carbonyl compounds and clean unwanted carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere and industrial effluents.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a method for fixing carbon dioxide gas as a carbonyl compound represented by formula (3) as depicted by FIG. 1 and comprising, purging of carbon dioxide in a solution of a nucleophile represented by the formula (1) in presence of a solvent at a temperature ranging from 40 Degree Celsius to 35 Degree Celsius, followed by adding a reagent at temperature ranging from 40 degree to 35 degree and thereafter adding another nucleophile represented by the formula (2) to obtain carbonyl compound represented by formula (3). The present invention can be advantageously used to obtain commercially important carbonyl compounds and clean unwanted carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere and industrial effluents.

##STR00001##

An octahydroanthracene compound having the structure shown in formula (I) and (II), preparation method and application thereof are disclosed. The octahydroanthracene compound has a good therapeutic effect on tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. The preparation of the octahydroanthracene compound is mainly carried out by using benzene as a starting material, and being subjected to Friedel-Crafts reaction, nitration, reduction, (sulfo-) amide formation, reduction, urea formation or amide formation, thus obtaining a target compound.

The present invention relates to an improved process for preparation of carmustine (I). The present invention also relates to preparation of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea (II) an intermediate used in preparation of carmustine.

##STR00001##