The disclosure is directed to: (a) phosphacycle ligands; (b) catalyst compositions comprising phosphacycle ligands; and (c) methods of using such phosphacycle ligands and catalyst compositions in bond forming reactions.

The disclosure is directed to: (a) phosphacycle ligands; (b) catalyst compositions comprising phosphacycle ligands; and (c) methods of using such phosphacycle ligands and catalyst compositions in bond forming reactions.

A method for producing meta-xylylenediisocyanates includes a reaction step in which monohalogenated benzenes, formaldehydes, and an amide compound represented by general formula (1) below are allowed to react in the presence of an acidic liquid to produce a bisamide compound; a dehalogenation step in which in the bisamide compound, the halogen atom derived from the monohalogenated benzenes is replaced with a hydrogen atom; and a thermal decomposition step in which the bisamide compound from which the halogen atom is eliminated is subjected to thermal decomposition. In the reaction step, the acidic liquid contains inorganic acid, the equivalent ratio of the hydrogen atom of the inorganic acid relative to the monohalogenated benzenes is more than 14, the acidic liquid has an inorganic acid concentration of more than 90 mass %, and the reaction temperature is more than 10 C. General formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkoxy group or an amino group.

A method for producing meta-xylylenediisocyanates includes a reaction step in which monohalogenated benzenes, formaldehydes, and an amide compound represented by general formula (1) below are allowed to react in the presence of an acidic liquid to produce a bisamide compound; a dehalogenation step in which in the bisamide compound, the halogen atom derived from the monohalogenated benzenes is replaced with a hydrogen atom; and a thermal decomposition step in which the bisamide compound from which the halogen atom is eliminated is subjected to thermal decomposition. In the reaction step, the acidic liquid contains inorganic acid, the equivalent ratio of the hydrogen atom of the inorganic acid relative to the monohalogenated benzenes is more than 14, the acidic liquid has an inorganic acid concentration of more than 90 mass %, and the reaction temperature is more than 10 C. General formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkoxy group or an amino group.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

The present invention relates to compounds TAAR receptor antagonists of formula I wherein X, R, L, Ar and R.sup.1 are as described herein, compositions containing compounds of formula I, methods of manufacture of compounds of formula I and methods of treating psychiatric disorders with compounds of formula I.

##STR00001##

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.