The present invention relates to novel combinations of redox active compounds for use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides kits comprising these combinations, redox flow batteries, and method using the combinations, kits and redox flow batteries of the invention.

A process is provided for producing linear alkylbenzenes with an improved yield from paraffin feed due to the use of a new catalyst that has a reduced selectivity to produce undesired aromatic compounds. In some embodiments, it is now possible to operate the process without including a unit to remove such aromatic compounds which allows for an operator of a plant to make modifications to the process to increase product yield.

A process is provided for producing linear alkylbenzenes with an improved yield from paraffin feed due to the use of a new catalyst that has a reduced selectivity to produce undesired aromatic compounds. In some embodiments, it is now possible to operate the process without including a unit to remove such aromatic compounds which allows for an operator of a plant to make modifications to the process to increase product yield.

The present disclosure relates to surfactants formed from sulfonation of aromatic ethers. The example surfactant composition may include a sulfonated aromatic ether. The sulfonated aromatic ether may include an aromatic ring with substituents comprising an ether group and a sulfonic acid group or a salt of the sulfonic acid group. The ether group may be represented by the following formula:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 carbon atom to 20 carbon atoms; wherein each R.sub.2 is individually a hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 carbon atom to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein n is a value from 0 to 8.

The present disclosure relates to surfactants formed from sulfonation of aromatic ethers. The example surfactant composition may include a sulfonated aromatic ether. The sulfonated aromatic ether may include an aromatic ring with substituents comprising an ether group and a sulfonic acid group or a salt of the sulfonic acid group. The ether group may be represented by the following formula:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 carbon atom to 20 carbon atoms; wherein each R.sub.2 is individually a hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 carbon atom to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein n is a value from 0 to 8.

Provided is an improved process for the preparation N-[4-[[4-(diethyl amino) phenyl](2,5-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium inner salt sodium salt (Isosulfan blue) of formula I. It also relates to highly pure novel crystalline form of Isosulfan blue hydrate and its process for the preparation thereof. It also relates to an improved process for the preparation of Isosulfan blue sodium hydrate having not more than 0.2% of desethyl impurity of formula A. ##STR00001##

Provided is an improved process for the preparation N-[4-[[4-(diethyl amino) phenyl](2,5-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium inner salt sodium salt (Isosulfan blue) of formula I. It also relates to highly pure novel crystalline form of Isosulfan blue hydrate and its process for the preparation thereof. It also relates to an improved process for the preparation of Isosulfan blue sodium hydrate having not more than 0.2% of desethyl impurity of formula A. ##STR00001##

Provided is an improved process for the preparation N-[4-[[4-(diethyl amino) phenyl](2,5-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium inner salt sodium salt (Isosulfan blue) of formula I. It also relates to highly pure novel crystalline form of Isosulfan blue hydrate and its process for the preparation thereof. It also relates to an improved process for the preparation of Isosulfan blue sodium hydrate having not more than 0.2% of desethyl impurity of formula A. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a polyethylene glycol derivative and a preparation method thereof. A preparation process of a polyethylene glycol derivative, according to the present invention, may provide a novel polyethylene glycol derivative which can be utilized in various ways as a drug linker, and is appropriate and effective for mass production and is advantageous in reproducible mass production of high-quality products.

The present invention relates to a polyethylene glycol derivative and a preparation method thereof. A preparation process of a polyethylene glycol derivative, according to the present invention, may provide a novel polyethylene glycol derivative which can be utilized in various ways as a drug linker, and is appropriate and effective for mass production and is advantageous in reproducible mass production of high-quality products.