A novel vinyl-group-containing fluorene compound and a method for producing the same, a polymerizable monomer and cross-linking agent including this compound, a leaving-group-containing fluorene compound, a monovinyl-group-containing fluorene compound, and methods for producing the same. This vinyl-group-containing fluorene compound is represented by formula (1). In the formula, W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 represent a group represented by formula (2), a group represented by formula (4), a hydroxyl group, or a (meth)acryloyloxy group, R.sup.3a and R.sup.3b represent a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon, and n1 and n2 are integers of 0-4. In formulas (2) and (4), a ring (Z) is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, X is a single bond or a group represented by S, R.sup.1 is a single bond or a C1-4 alkylene group, R.sup.2 is a specific substituent group such as a monovalent hydrocarbon, and m is an integer of 0 or greater. ##STR00001##

A novel vinyl-group-containing fluorene compound and a method for producing the same, a polymerizable monomer and cross-linking agent including this compound, a leaving-group-containing fluorene compound, a monovinyl-group-containing fluorene compound, and methods for producing the same. This vinyl-group-containing fluorene compound is represented by formula (1). In the formula, W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 represent a group represented by formula (2), a group represented by formula (4), a hydroxyl group, or a (meth)acryloyloxy group, R.sup.3a and R.sup.3b represent a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon, and n1 and n2 are integers of 0-4. In formulas (2) and (4), a ring (Z) is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, X is a single bond or a group represented by S, R.sup.1 is a single bond or a C1-4 alkylene group, R.sup.2 is a specific substituent group such as a monovalent hydrocarbon, and m is an integer of 0 or greater. ##STR00001##

A novel vinyl-group-containing fluorene compound and a method for producing the same, a polymerizable monomer and cross-linking agent including the compound, a leaving-group-containing fluorene compound, a monovinyl-group-containing fluorene compound, and methods for producing the same. The vinyl-group-containing fluorene compound is represented by formula (1) in which W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 represent a group represented by formula (2), a group represented by formula (4), a hydroxyl group, or a (meth)acryloyloxy group, R.sup.3a and R.sup.3b represent a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon, and n1 and n2 are integers of 0-4. In formulas (2) and (4), (Z) is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, X is a single bond or a group represented by S, R.sup.1 is a single bond or a C1-4 alkylene group, R.sup.2 is a substituent such as a monovalent hydrocarbon, and m is an integer of 0 or more).

##STR00001##

A novel vinyl-group-containing fluorene compound and a method for producing the same, a polymerizable monomer and cross-linking agent including the compound, a leaving-group-containing fluorene compound, a monovinyl-group-containing fluorene compound, and methods for producing the same. The vinyl-group-containing fluorene compound is represented by formula (1) in which W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 represent a group represented by formula (2), a group represented by formula (4), a hydroxyl group, or a (meth)acryloyloxy group, R.sup.3a and R.sup.3b represent a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon, and n1 and n2 are integers of 0-4. In formulas (2) and (4), (Z) is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, X is a single bond or a group represented by S, R.sup.1 is a single bond or a C1-4 alkylene group, R.sup.2 is a substituent such as a monovalent hydrocarbon, and m is an integer of 0 or more).

##STR00001##

Various examples are provided for carbazole-based GUMBOS (group of uniform materials based on organic salts), and its application in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In one example, a composition includes a solid phase carbazole-based GUMBOS (group of uniform materials based on organic salts) comprising a counterion such as, e.g., trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Otf]), bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf.sub.2]), bis-(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ([BETI]), tetrafluoroborate (BF4), hexa-fluorophosphate (PF6), and/or thiocyanate (SCN). The carbazole-based GUMBOS can include carbazoleimidazole-based GUMBOS or 3,6-diBDC carbazolium-based GUMBOS. In another example, a method includes preparing a biphasic solution; separating a layer of DCM from the biphasic solution after stirring; washing the DCM with water to remove byproducts; and evaporating the DCM to form a solid phase carbazoleimidazole-based GUMBOS. Preparing the biphasic solution can include carbazoleimidazolium iodide (CM) dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM) and a dissolved salt including a sodium salt or a lithium salt.

Various examples are provided for carbazole-based GUMBOS (group of uniform materials based on organic salts), and its application in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In one example, a composition includes a solid phase carbazole-based GUMBOS (group of uniform materials based on organic salts) comprising a counterion such as, e.g., trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Otf]), bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf.sub.2]), bis-(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ([BETI]), tetrafluoroborate (BF4), hexa-fluorophosphate (PF6), and/or thiocyanate (SCN). The carbazole-based GUMBOS can include carbazoleimidazole-based GUMBOS or 3,6-diBDC carbazolium-based GUMBOS. In another example, a method includes preparing a biphasic solution; separating a layer of DCM from the biphasic solution after stirring; washing the DCM with water to remove byproducts; and evaporating the DCM to form a solid phase carbazoleimidazole-based GUMBOS. Preparing the biphasic solution can include carbazoleimidazolium iodide (CM) dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM) and a dissolved salt including a sodium salt or a lithium salt.

The present application relates to a novel process for the preparation of difluoromethyl ether-based derivatives from, for example, aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyl precursors, compositions comprising these compounds and their use, in particular as precursors for medicines for the treatment of diseases, disorders or conditions. In particular, the present application includes the process of preparing compounds of Formula (I), and compositions and uses thereof:

##STR00001##

The present application relates to a novel process for the preparation of difluoromethyl ether-based derivatives from, for example, aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyl precursors, compositions comprising these compounds and their use, in particular as precursors for medicines for the treatment of diseases, disorders or conditions. In particular, the present application includes the process of preparing compounds of Formula (I), and compositions and uses thereof:

##STR00001##

The present application relates to a novel process for the preparation of difluoromethyl ether-based derivatives from, for example, aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyl precursors, compositions comprising these compounds and their use, in particular as precursors for medicines for the treatment of diseases, disorders or conditions. In particular, the present application includes the process of preparing compounds of Formula (I), and compositions and uses thereof:

##STR00001##

The present invention generally relates to novel synthetic methods, systems, kits, salts, and precursors useful in medical imaging. In some embodiments, the present invention provides compositions comprising an imaging agent precursor, which may be formed using the synthetic methods described herein. An imaging agent may be converted to an imaging agent using the methods described herein. In some cases, the imaging agent is enriched in .sup.18F. In some cases, an imaging agent including salt forms (e.g., ascorbate salt) may be used to image an area of interest in a subject, including, but not limited to, the heart, cardiovascular system, cardiac vessels, brain, and other organs.