An electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed to face the first electrode with a gap between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first electrochromic layer disposed on or above the first electrode, including conductor or semiconductor nano-structures and an electrochromic compound; and an electrolyte layer including an electrolyte, disposed between the first electrochromic layer and the second electrode, wherein the electrochromic compound is a compound represented by General Formula 1, and an anion of the electrolyte is a monovalent anion having oxidation potential higher than reduction potential of a dication of General Formula 1 by 3.1 V or greater,

##STR00001##

where X.sup. is a monovalent anion having oxidation potential higher than reduction potential of the dication of General Formula 1 by 3.1 V or greater and W.sup.2+ is the dication represented by General Formula 2,

##STR00002##

Disclosed in the present specification is a method capable of preparing N-[4-[(1R)-1-[[(R)-(1,1-dimethylethyl)sulfinyl]amino]ethyl]-2,6-difluorophenyl]-methanesulfonamide (INT028-2) with high optical purity, through the selection of Ellman-chiral auxiliaries and the recrystallization and separation of optical isomers. According to the above method, high-purity N-[4-[(1R)-1-[[(R)-(1,1-dimethylethyl)sulfinyl]amino]ethyl]-2,6-difluorophenyl]-methanesulfonamide with excellent quality can be produced at room temperature by improving cryogenic process conditions necessary for realizing high optical purity, and thus the trimming due to the process failure rate can be remarkably reduced.

The present disclosure provides certain tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[cd]indene compounds that are Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2 (HIF-2) inhibitors and are therefore useful for the treatment of diseases treatable by inhibition of HIF-2. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and processes for preparing such compounds.

The present disclosure provides certain tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[cd]indene compounds that are Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2 (HIF-2) inhibitors and are therefore useful for the treatment of diseases treatable by inhibition of HIF-2. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and processes for preparing such compounds.

The present disclosure relates to HIF-2 inhibitors and methods of making and using them for treating cancer. Certain compounds were potent in HIF-2 scintillation proximity assay, luciferase assay, and VEGF ELISA assay, and led to tumor size reduction and regression in 786-O xenograft bearing mice in vivo.

The present disclosure relates to HIF-2 inhibitors and methods of making and using them for treating cancer. Certain compounds were potent in HIF-2 scintillation proximity assay, luciferase assay, and VEGF ELISA assay, and led to tumor size reduction and regression in 786-O xenograft bearing mice in vivo.

The invention provides amides that inhibit cellular necrosis and/or human receptor interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1), including corresponding sulfonamides, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and stereoisomers thereof. The compounds are employed in pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of making and use, including treating a person in need thereof with an effective amount of the compound or composition, and detecting a resultant improvement in the person's health or condition.

The invention provides amides that inhibit cellular necrosis and/or human receptor interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1), including corresponding sulfonamides, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and stereoisomers thereof. The compounds are employed in pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of making and use, including treating a person in need thereof with an effective amount of the compound or composition, and detecting a resultant improvement in the person's health or condition.

The present disclosure relates to HIF-2 inhibitors and methods of making and using them for treating cancer. Certain compounds were potent in HIF-2 scintillation proximity assay, luciferase assay, and VEGF ELISA assay, and led to tumor size reduction and regression in 786-O xenograft bearing mice in vivo.

The present disclosure relates to HIF-2 inhibitors and methods of making and using them for treating cancer. Certain compounds were potent in HIF-2 scintillation proximity assay, luciferase assay, and VEGF ELISA assay, and led to tumor size reduction and regression in 786-O xenograft bearing mice in vivo.