A foamable composition includes a blowing agent, a foamable polymer or a precursor composition thereof, and a nucleating agent. The nucleating agent includes a compound having structural formula (I) R.sup.1SO.sub.2R.sup.2(SO.sub.2R.sup.3).sub.n (I) where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are each independently a fluoroalkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms that is linear, branched, or cyclic and optionally contain at least one catenated ether oxygen atom or a trivalent nitrogen atom, and n is 0 or 1.

A complex has a structure of formula (1A): SnX.sub.n.Math.(m)L, wherein X is at least one type of halogen atoms, L is a polar solvent molecule, n is a value from 1.5 to 2.5, and m is a value from 0.3 to 1.9. A perovskite compound has a structure of formula (2A): RSnX.sub.j, wherein Sn has an oxidation number from 1.5 to 2.5, R is at least one type of a monovalent cation, X is at least one type of halogen atoms, and j is a value from 2.5 to 3.5, and the perovskite compound is free of tin oxide; or a perovskite compound has a structure of formula (2B): R.sub.2M.sup.2BiX.sub.1, wherein R is at least one type of a monovalent cation, X is at least one type of halogen atoms; M.sup.2 is a monovalent metal, and i is a value from 5.0 to 7.0.

An electrolyte solution whose residual capacity is less likely to decrease and whose percentage increase in resistance is less likely to change even after stored at high temperature. The electrolyte solution contains a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1):
R.sup.11CFX.sup.11(CH.sub.2).sub.n11COOR.sup.12
wherein R.sup.11 is H, F, a C1-C3 non-fluorinated alkyl group, or a C1-C3 fluorinated alkyl group; X.sup.11 is H or F; R.sup.12 is a C1-C3 non-fluorinated alkyl group or a C1-C3 fluorinated alkyl group; and n11 is an integer of 0 to 3; a fluorinated carbonate; and a specific additive.

An electrolyte solution whose residual capacity is less likely to decrease and whose percentage increase in resistance is less likely to change even after stored at high temperature. The electrolyte solution contains a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1):
R.sup.11CFX.sup.11(CH.sub.2).sub.n11COOR.sup.12
wherein R.sup.11 is H, F, a C1-C3 non-fluorinated alkyl group, or a C1-C3 fluorinated alkyl group; X.sup.11 is H or F; R.sup.12 is a C1-C3 non-fluorinated alkyl group or a C1-C3 fluorinated alkyl group; and n11 is an integer of 0 to 3; a fluorinated carbonate; and a specific additive.

Oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) solvent compositions are derived from by-product disulfide oil (DSO) compounds produced as by-products from the generalized mercaptan oxidation (MEROX) processing of a refinery feedstock. The oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) solvent compositions comprise at least a primary oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compound selected from either water soluble or water insoluble oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compounds and in some embodiments at least 0.1 ppmw of a secondary oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compound that is a water soluble oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compound.

Oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) solvent compositions are derived from by-product disulfide oil (DSO) compounds produced as by-products from the generalized mercaptan oxidation (MEROX) processing of a refinery feedstock. The oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) solvent compositions comprise at least a primary oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compound selected from either water soluble or water insoluble oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compounds and in some embodiments at least 0.1 ppmw of a secondary oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compound that is a water soluble oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compound.

A method for recovering dimethyl sulfoxide, including a step of contacting a recovered resist remover containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of glycol ether, glycol and triol, and dimethyl sulfoxide with water and performing distillation.

A method for recovering dimethyl sulfoxide, including a step of contacting a recovered resist remover containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of glycol ether, glycol and triol, and dimethyl sulfoxide with water and performing distillation.

Disclosed herein are compounds and methods of using such compounds for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging, or for modulating one or more energy biomarkers, normalizing one or more energy biomarkers, or enhancing one or more energy biomarkers, wherein the compounds are tocopherol quinone derivatives. Further disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods for treatment of, or prophylaxis against, radiation exposure.

Disclosed herein are compounds and methods of using such compounds for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging, or for modulating one or more energy biomarkers, normalizing one or more energy biomarkers, or enhancing one or more energy biomarkers, wherein the compounds are tocopherol quinone derivatives. Further disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods for treatment of, or prophylaxis against, radiation exposure.