A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution includes an electrolyte salt and a sulfinyl compound. The electrolyte salt includes an imide anion, and the imide anion includes at least one of an anion represented by Formula (1), an anion represented by Formula (2), an anion represented by Formula (3), or an anion represented by Formula (4). The sulfinyl compound includes at least one of a compound represented by Formula (5), a compound represented by Formula (6), a compound represented by Formula (7), a compound represented by Formula (8), a compound represented by Formula (9), a compound represented by Formula (10), or a compound represented by Formula (11).

The present disclosure relates to a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and (IIb):

##STR00001## ##STR00002##

which are useful in the treatment of a Retroviridae viral infection including an infection caused by the HIV virus.

The present disclosure relates to a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and (IIb):

##STR00001## ##STR00002##

which are useful in the treatment of a Retroviridae viral infection including an infection caused by the HIV virus.

Non-ionic photo-acid generating (PAG) compounds were prepared that contain an aryl ketone group having a perfluorinated substituent alpha to the ketone carbonyl. The non-polymeric PAGs release a sulfonic acid when exposed to high energy radiation such as deep UV or extreme UV light. The photo-generated sulfonic acid has a low diffusion rate in an exposed resist layer subjected to a post-exposure bake (PEB) at 100 C. to 150 C., resulting in formation of good line patterns after development. At higher temperatures, the PAGs can also undergo a thermal reaction to form a sulfonic acid. The perfluorinated substituent provides improved thermal stability and hydrolytic/nucleophilic stability.

Nanoparticles zwitterionic polymers grafted thereto or grafted therefrom, and methods for making and using the nanoparticles. Zwitterionic nanogels, and methods for making and using the nanogels.

Nanoparticles zwitterionic polymers grafted thereto or grafted therefrom, and methods for making and using the nanoparticles. Zwitterionic nanogels, and methods for making and using the nanogels.

K-Ras is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer. Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for modulating K-Ras and treating cancer.

K-Ras is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer. Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for modulating K-Ras and treating cancer.

K-Ras is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer. Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for modulating K-Ras and treating cancer.

K-Ras is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer. Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for modulating K-Ras and treating cancer.