Derivatives of an organic substance containing one or more groups selected from the group consisting of sulfanyl, selanyl and sulfino may be produced by reacting an organic substance containing one or more groups selected from the group consisting of sulfanyl, selanyl and sulfino with an olefin compound containing an ethylene structure having at least two electron-withdrawing groups except halogen atoms under an acidic condition to form a derivative of the organic substance

Derivatives of an organic substance containing one or more groups selected from the group consisting of sulfanyl, selanyl and sulfino may be produced by reacting an organic substance containing one or more groups selected from the group consisting of sulfanyl, selanyl and sulfino with an olefin compound containing an ethylene structure having at least two electron-withdrawing groups except halogen atoms under an acidic condition to form a derivative of the organic substance

Pulverulent compositions of a complex between an acid and a metal form an at least partially spherical particle. The acid is selected from 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-thiobutanoic acid (HMTBA), methionine, aspartic acid, the alginic acids, the pectinic acids, and the corresponding anions, in particular 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-thiobutanoate, methioninate, aspartate, the alginates and the pectinates. The metal is divalent or trivalent. The particle has an amorphous fraction the mass of which represents at least 50% of the total mass of the particle. The particle is substantially devoid of uncomplexed acid or anion and of uncomplexed metal or metal cation.

Pulverulent compositions of a complex between an acid and a metal form an at least partially spherical particle. The acid is selected from 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-thiobutanoic acid (HMTBA), methionine, aspartic acid, the alginic acids, the pectinic acids, and the corresponding anions, in particular 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-thiobutanoate, methioninate, aspartate, the alginates and the pectinates. The metal is divalent or trivalent. The particle has an amorphous fraction the mass of which represents at least 50% of the total mass of the particle. The particle is substantially devoid of uncomplexed acid or anion and of uncomplexed metal or metal cation.

Pulverulent compositions of a complex between an acid and a metal form an at least partially spherical particle. The acid is selected from 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-thiobutanoic acid (HMTBA), methionine, aspartic acid, the alginic acids, the pectinic acids, and the corresponding anions, in particular 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-thiobutanoate, methioninate, aspartate, the alginates and the pectinates. The metal is divalent or trivalent. The particle has an amorphous fraction the mass of which represents at least 50% of the total mass of the particle. The particle is substantially devoid of uncomplexed acid or anion and of uncomplexed metal or metal cation.

The present invention relates to processes for preparing for preparing 3-(methylsulfonyl)propionitrile. The processes comprise the steps of first reacting 2-chloroethyl methyl sulfide with sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide in a solvent or a solvent mixture to form 3-(methylthio)propionitrile, and then reacting the isolated 3-(methylthio)propionitrile with acetic anhydride, acetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide to form 3-(methylsulfonyl)propionitrile.

The present invention relates to processes for preparing for preparing 3-(methylsulfonyl)propionitrile. The processes comprise the steps of first reacting 2-chloroethyl methyl sulfide with sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide in a solvent or a solvent mixture to form 3-(methylthio)propionitrile, and then reacting the isolated 3-(methylthio)propionitrile with acetic anhydride, acetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide to form 3-(methylsulfonyl)propionitrile.

Object: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing, with a high yield, a fluorinated organic compound, the fluorinated organic compound having not been produced with a sufficient yield by a conventional method for producing a fluorinated organic compound using a fluorinating agent containing IF.sub.5-pyridine-HF alone. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluorinating reagent. Means for achieving the object: A method for producing a fluorinated organic compound comprising step A of fluorinating an organic compound by bringing the organic compound into contact with (1) IF.sub.5-pyridine-HF and (2) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of amine hydrogen fluorides, X.sup.aF (wherein X.sup.a represents hydrogen, potassium, sodium, or lithium), oxidizers, and reducing agents.

Object: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing, with a high yield, a fluorinated organic compound, the fluorinated organic compound having not been produced with a sufficient yield by a conventional method for producing a fluorinated organic compound using a fluorinating agent containing IF.sub.5-pyridine-HF alone. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluorinating reagent. Means for achieving the object: A method for producing a fluorinated organic compound comprising step A of fluorinating an organic compound by bringing the organic compound into contact with (1) IF.sub.5-pyridine-HF and (2) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of amine hydrogen fluorides, X.sup.aF (wherein X.sup.a represents hydrogen, potassium, sodium, or lithium), oxidizers, and reducing agents.

Object: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing, with a high yield, a fluorinated organic compound, the fluorinated organic compound having not been produced with a sufficient yield by a conventional method for producing a fluorinated organic compound using a fluorinating agent containing IF.sub.5-pyridine-HF alone. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluorinating reagent. Means for achieving the object: A method for producing a fluorinated organic compound comprising step A of fluorinating an organic compound by bringing the organic compound into contact with (1) IF.sub.5-pyridine-HF and (2) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of amine hydrogen fluorides, X.sup.aF (wherein X.sup.a represents hydrogen, potassium, sodium, or lithium), oxidizers, and reducing agents.