In one aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of preparing a secondary amine. In some embodiments, the secondary amine comprises two different groups or two identical groups. Also provided herein are compositions for use in the preparation of the secondary amine.

Polymerizable compounds, processes and intermediates for their preparation, compositions containing them, polymers made from the compounds or compositions, and uses of the polymerizable compounds, compositions and polymers.

Polymerizable compounds, processes and intermediates for their preparation, compositions containing them, polymers made from the compounds or compositions, and uses of the polymerizable compounds, compositions and polymers.

Provided herein, inter alia, is the synthesis of ETP derivatives. The synthetic methods described herein include converting a ring bridging trisulfide compound of formula ##STR00001##
to a ring bridging disulfide compound of formula ##STR00002##
Also provided herein are compositions comprising thereof.

An object of the present invention to provide a method for producing methionine with consideration given to the environment. The production method of the present invention comprises a removal step of blowing an inert gas into a liquid containing 5-(2-methylmercaptoethyl)hydantoin and thereby diffusing ammonia remaining in the liquid to obtain an emission gas containing the ammonia, and a recovery step of bringing the emission gas into contact with a washing liquid to recover ammonia contained in the emission gas.

An object of the present invention to provide a method for producing methionine with consideration given to the environment. The production method of the present invention comprises a removal step of blowing an inert gas into a liquid containing 5-(2-methylmercaptoethyl)hydantoin and thereby diffusing ammonia remaining in the liquid to obtain an emission gas containing the ammonia, and a recovery step of bringing the emission gas into contact with a washing liquid to recover ammonia contained in the emission gas.

An object of the present invention to provide a method for producing methionine with consideration given to the environment. The production method of the present invention comprises a removal step of blowing an inert gas into a liquid containing 5-(2-methylmercaptoethyl)hydantoin and thereby diffusing ammonia remaining in the liquid to obtain an emission gas containing the ammonia, and a recovery step of bringing the emission gas into contact with a washing liquid to recover ammonia contained in the emission gas.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a salt, including reacting M.sup.+X.sup.− with YH to generate XH and M.sup.+Y.sup.− and subsequently removing the generated XH to obtain the M.sup.+Y.sup.−.

In the method of producing a salt, M.sup.+X.sup.− is a salt of a cation represented by M.sup.+ and an anion represented by X.sup.−, M.sup.+Y.sup.− is a salt of the cation represented by M.sup.+ and an anion represented by Y.sup.−, XH is a conjugate acid of X.sup.−, YH is a conjugate acid of Y.sup.−, M.sup.+Y.sup.− is a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with an active ray or a radioactive ray, a pKa of XH is larger than a pKa of YH, and a ClogP value of XH is larger than 2.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a salt, including reacting M.sup.+X.sup.− with YH to generate XH and M.sup.+Y.sup.− and subsequently removing the generated XH to obtain the M.sup.+Y.sup.−.

In the method of producing a salt, M.sup.+X.sup.− is a salt of a cation represented by M.sup.+ and an anion represented by X.sup.−, M.sup.+Y.sup.− is a salt of the cation represented by M.sup.+ and an anion represented by Y.sup.−, XH is a conjugate acid of X.sup.−, YH is a conjugate acid of Y.sup.−, M.sup.+Y.sup.− is a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with an active ray or a radioactive ray, a pKa of XH is larger than a pKa of YH, and a ClogP value of XH is larger than 2.

A process for preparing a nitrated compound, including the step of reacting a compound (A) including at least one substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, wherein the heteroaromatic ring includes at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, phosphor, selenium and nitrogen, with a compound of formula (I)

##STR00001##

wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and nitro.