A novel Low Free 2-MercaptoEthanol Ester has been used to prepare Alkyl Tin Reverse Ester Stabilizers as well as used to enhance the thermal performance of those Alkyl Tin Reverse Ester Stabilizers or Alkyl Tin Thioglycolate Stabilizers or Alkyl Tin Mercaptides for PVC applications where odor during PVC compounding, processing, or of the final PVC article has prevented widespread use of Alkyl Tin Reverse Ester Stabilizers. Additional enhancements have been found in cellular PVC production wherein stabilizers including the novel Low Free 2-MercaptoEthanol Ester result in lower density foams, and allow for lower melt density, which improves injection molding cycle times.

A novel Low Free 2-MercaptoEthanol Ester has been used to prepare Alkyl Tin Reverse Ester Stabilizers as well as used to enhance the thermal performance of those Alkyl Tin Reverse Ester Stabilizers or Alkyl Tin Thioglycolate Stabilizers or Alkyl Tin Mercaptides for PVC applications where odor during PVC compounding, processing, or of the final PVC article has prevented widespread use of Alkyl Tin Reverse Ester Stabilizers. Additional enhancements have been found in cellular PVC production wherein stabilizers including the novel Low Free 2-MercaptoEthanol Ester result in lower density foams, and allow for lower melt density, which improves injection molding cycle times.

According to one embodiment, in producing polythiols in a manner similar to a conventional method, a polythiol having improved storage stability may be produced in a convenient manner by adjusting reaction conditions so as to prevent thiourea from remaining within products. In particular, the equivalent weight of thiourea to be used in a reaction may be adjusted to a predetermined range, thereby reducing the amount of unreacted thiourea, and thiourea may be removed once more in a sub sequent process, thereby effectively removing remaining thiourea while achieving a high yield. The polythiol thus produced does not contain residual thiourea, and thus does not show discoloration or cloudiness caused by precipitates even under prolonged storage or high-temperature conditions.

According to one embodiment, in producing polythiols in a manner similar to a conventional method, a polythiol having improved storage stability may be produced in a convenient manner by adjusting reaction conditions so as to prevent thiourea from remaining within products. In particular, the equivalent weight of thiourea to be used in a reaction may be adjusted to a predetermined range, thereby reducing the amount of unreacted thiourea, and thiourea may be removed once more in a sub sequent process, thereby effectively removing remaining thiourea while achieving a high yield. The polythiol thus produced does not contain residual thiourea, and thus does not show discoloration or cloudiness caused by precipitates even under prolonged storage or high-temperature conditions.

According to one embodiment, in producing polythiols in a manner similar to a conventional method, a polythiol having improved storage stability may be produced in a convenient manner by adjusting reaction conditions so as to prevent thiourea from remaining within products. In particular, the equivalent weight of thiourea to be used in a reaction may be adjusted to a predetermined range, thereby reducing the amount of unreacted thiourea, and thiourea may be removed once more in a sub sequent process, thereby effectively removing remaining thiourea while achieving a high yield. The polythiol thus produced does not contain residual thiourea, and thus does not show discoloration or cloudiness caused by precipitates even under prolonged storage or high-temperature conditions.

The invention relates to a lock-release method to be applied to biomolecules, such as antibodies, to improve the purification, production, stability and storage of biomolecules. A biomolecule is covalently bound to a polymer support comprising a diketone group so that the biomolecule can be purified, produced and/or stored before being released from the support. The diketone group of the polymer support is a 1,3-ketoester, 1,3-ketothioester or 1,3-ketoamide is a group of Formula (1): R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, perhalogenated hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group; Y is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group; X is —O, —NR.sup.2 or —S, wherein the free valence of —O, —NR.sup.2 or —S is bonded to the support optionally via a linker; and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group. The invention also relates to a polymer support comprising the diketone group. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to a lock-release method to be applied to biomolecules, such as antibodies, to improve the purification, production, stability and storage of biomolecules. A biomolecule is covalently bound to a polymer support comprising a diketone group so that the biomolecule can be purified, produced and/or stored before being released from the support. The diketone group of the polymer support is a 1,3-ketoester, 1,3-ketothioester or 1,3-ketoamide is a group of Formula (1): R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, perhalogenated hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group; Y is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group; X is —O, —NR.sup.2 or —S, wherein the free valence of —O, —NR.sup.2 or —S is bonded to the support optionally via a linker; and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group. The invention also relates to a polymer support comprising the diketone group. ##STR00001##

Continuous photochemical production of high purity linear mercaptan and sulfide-containing compositions.

Continuous photochemical production of high purity linear mercaptan and sulfide-containing compositions.

Continuous photochemical production of high purity linear mercaptan and sulfide-containing compositions.