Systems and methods for low-cost and morphologically stable 3D printing are disclosed. A solution-based method for 3D printing, comprising i) providing a substrate comprising a flat surface; ii) providing a first solution of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecule comprising a functional group at each end of the SAM molecule; iii) applying the first solution to the flat surface of the substrate to form a first SAM comprising a first liquid surface; iv) providing a second solution of a metal precursor; v) applying the second solution on the first liquid surface to form a second liquid surface over the first SAM; vi) applying a first force to cross-link the first SAM; vii) repeating steps iii) and v)-vi) to form a multiple layer of the SAM; and viii) either applying a second force to anneal the multiple layer of the SAM to form a soft material or applying a third force to anneal the multiple layer of the SAM to form a hard material.

Systems and methods for low-cost and morphologically stable 3D printing are disclosed. A solution-based method for 3D printing, comprising i) providing a substrate comprising a flat surface; ii) providing a first solution of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecule comprising a functional group at each end of the SAM molecule; iii) applying the first solution to the flat surface of the substrate to form a first SAM comprising a first liquid surface; iv) providing a second solution of a metal precursor; v) applying the second solution on the first liquid surface to form a second liquid surface over the first SAM; vi) applying a first force to cross-link the first SAM; vii) repeating steps iii) and v)-vi) to form a multiple layer of the SAM; and viii) either applying a second force to anneal the multiple layer of the SAM to form a soft material or applying a third force to anneal the multiple layer of the SAM to form a hard material.

Systems and methods for low-cost and morphologically stable 3D printing are disclosed. A solution-based method for 3D printing, comprising i) providing a substrate comprising a flat surface; ii) providing a first solution of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecule comprising a functional group at each end of the SAM molecule; iii) applying the first solution to the flat surface of the substrate to form a first SAM comprising a first liquid surface; iv) providing a second solution of a metal precursor; v) applying the second solution on the first liquid surface to form a second liquid surface over the first SAM; vi) applying a first force to cross-link the first SAM; vii) repeating steps iii) and v)-vi) to form a multiple layer of the SAM; and viii) either applying a second force to anneal the multiple layer of the SAM to form a soft material or applying a third force to anneal the multiple layer of the SAM to form a hard material.

Systems and methods for low-cost and morphologically stable 3D printing are disclosed. A solution-based method for 3D printing, comprising i) providing a substrate comprising a flat surface; ii) providing a first solution of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecule comprising a functional group at each end of the SAM molecule; iii) applying the first solution to the flat surface of the substrate to form a first SAM comprising a first liquid surface; iv) providing a second solution of a metal precursor; v) applying the second solution on the first liquid surface to form a second liquid surface over the first SAM; vi) applying a first force to cross-link the first SAM; vii) repeating steps iii) and v)-vi) to form a multiple layer of the SAM; and viii) either applying a second force to anneal the multiple layer of the SAM to form a soft material or applying a third force to anneal the multiple layer of the SAM to form a hard material.

Compounds and methods for use in detecting gabapentin in a sample suspected of containing gabapentin are disclosed. Gabapentin derivatives are used to produce gabapentin conjugates. A gabapentin-immunogenic carrier conjugate may be used as an immunogen for the preparation of an anti-gabapentin antibody. A gabapentin-detectable label may be used in a signal producing system in gabapentin assays.

Compounds and methods for use in detecting gabapentin in a sample suspected of containing gabapentin are disclosed. Gabapentin derivatives are used to produce gabapentin conjugates. A gabapentin-immunogenic carrier conjugate may be used as an immunogen for the preparation of an anti-gabapentin antibody. A gabapentin-detectable label may be used in a signal producing system in gabapentin assays.

A polythiol composition according to exemplary examples includes a tetrafunctional polythiol compound, and a sub-polythiol compound including a compound represented by C.sub.13H.sub.28S.sub.9 and a compound represented by C.sub.15H.sub.32S.sub.10. A ratio of the sub-polythiol compound measured through a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis graph is 1% to 5%. By adjusting the content of the sub-polythiol compound, it is possible to manufacture an optical product having excellent transmittance and optical properties.

The present application relates to mass spectrometry methods for use in identifying proteins or other biomolecules which are bound irreversibly by test compounds.

The present application relates to mass spectrometry methods for use in identifying proteins or other biomolecules which are bound irreversibly by test compounds.

Continuous photochemical production of high purity linear mercaptan and sulfide-containing compositions.