The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein: R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.2alkoxy-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.2fluoroalkoxy, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, cyclopropyl or ethynyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, ethyl, n-propyl, cyclopropyl, vinyl, ethynyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.3fluoroalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.2fluoroalkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.2alkoxy-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkoxy-, or C.sub.1fluoroalkoxy-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkoxy-; provided that when R.sup.1 is ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, cyclopropyl or ethynyl, then R.sup.2 is hydrogen, ethyl, n-propyl, cyclopropyl, vinyl or ethynyl; and Y is O, S, S(O), S(O).sub.2, N(C.sub.1-C.sub.2alkyl), N(C.sub.1-C.sub.2alkoxy), C(O), CR.sup.8R.sup.9 or CR.sup.10R.sup.11CR.sup.12R.sup.13; and G, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are as defined herein; wherein the compound of formula (I) is optionally present as an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds are suitable for use as herbicides. The invention therefore also relates to a method of controlling weeds, especially grassy monocotyledonous weeds, in crops of useful plants, comprising applying a compound of formula (I), or a herbicidal composition comprising such a compound, to the plants or to the locus thereof. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein: R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.2alkoxy-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.2fluoroalkoxy, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, cyclopropyl or ethynyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, ethyl, n-propyl, cyclopropyl, vinyl, ethynyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.3fluoroalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.2fluoroalkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.2alkoxy-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkoxy-, or C.sub.1fluoroalkoxy-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkoxy-; provided that when R.sup.1 is ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, cyclopropyl or ethynyl, then R.sup.2 is hydrogen, ethyl, n-propyl, cyclopropyl, vinyl or ethynyl; and Y is O, S, S(O), S(O).sub.2, N(C.sub.1-C.sub.2alkyl), N(C.sub.1-C.sub.2alkoxy), C(O), CR.sup.8R.sup.9 or CR.sup.10R.sup.11CR.sup.12R.sup.13; and G, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are as defined herein; wherein the compound of formula (I) is optionally present as an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds are suitable for use as herbicides. The invention therefore also relates to a method of controlling weeds, especially grassy monocotyledonous weeds, in crops of useful plants, comprising applying a compound of formula (I), or a herbicidal composition comprising such a compound, to the plants or to the locus thereof. ##STR00001##

Object A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a luminescent nanocrystal complex that tends to disperse orderly in a polymer matrix and is superior in dispersibility in structurally mesogenic crosslinkable polymer matrices. Solution The present invention is a luminescent nanocrystal complex that contains luminescent nanocrystals and a surface-modifying compound that modifies the surface of the luminescent nanocrystals. The surface-modifying compound has a mesogenic backbone and a group that binds to the surface of the luminescent nanocrystals.

Object A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a luminescent nanocrystal complex that tends to disperse orderly in a polymer matrix and is superior in dispersibility in structurally mesogenic crosslinkable polymer matrices. Solution The present invention is a luminescent nanocrystal complex that contains luminescent nanocrystals and a surface-modifying compound that modifies the surface of the luminescent nanocrystals. The surface-modifying compound has a mesogenic backbone and a group that binds to the surface of the luminescent nanocrystals.

Provided is a polar compound having high chemical stability, high capability of aligning liquid crystal molecules, high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, and a large voltage holding ratio when used in a liquid crystal display device. The compound is represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
in which, for example, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons; MES is a mesogen group having at least one ring; Sp.sup.1 is a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are hydrogen; and R.sup.2 is a group represented by formulas (1a) to (1c): ##STR00002##
in which, Sp.sup.2 and Sp.sup.3 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; S.sup.1 is >CH; S.sup.2 is >C<; and X.sup.1 is OH.

Provided is a polar compound having high chemical stability, high capability of aligning liquid crystal molecules, high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, and a large voltage holding ratio when used in a liquid crystal display device. The compound is represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
in which, for example, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons; MES is a mesogen group having at least one ring; Sp.sup.1 is a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are hydrogen; and R.sup.2 is a group represented by formulas (1a) to (1c): ##STR00002##
in which, Sp.sup.2 and Sp.sup.3 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; S.sup.1 is >CH; S.sup.2 is >C<; and X.sup.1 is OH.

The present disclosure provides apparatus and methods for determining the sequence of a nucleic acid. The apparatus comprises electrodes that form a tunnel gap through which the nucleic acid can pass. The electrodes comprise a reagent that is capable of selectively interacting with a nucleobase of the nucleic acid sequence. When the reagent interacts with a nucleobase, a detectable signal is produced and used to identify the nucleobase of the nucleic acid. Advantageously, the apparatus of this disclosure is specific to identifying nucleic acids.

The present disclosure provides apparatus and methods for determining the sequence of a nucleic acid. The apparatus comprises electrodes that form a tunnel gap through which the nucleic acid can pass. The electrodes comprise a reagent that is capable of selectively interacting with a nucleobase of the nucleic acid sequence. When the reagent interacts with a nucleobase, a detectable signal is produced and used to identify the nucleobase of the nucleic acid. Advantageously, the apparatus of this disclosure is specific to identifying nucleic acids.

The present invention provides a polythiol composition containing, as the main component, a polythiol compound (a) having two or more mercapto groups, and containing 0.5% by mass or less of a nitrogen-containing compound (b) in which at least one mercapto group in the polythiol compound (a) is substituted with a group represented by formula (1). ##STR00001##

The present invention provides a polythiol composition containing, as the main component, a polythiol compound (a) having two or more mercapto groups, and containing 0.5% by mass or less of a nitrogen-containing compound (b) in which at least one mercapto group in the polythiol compound (a) is substituted with a group represented by formula (1). ##STR00001##