The present invention relates to a cationic lipid having one or more biodegradable groups located in a lipidic moiety (e.g., a hydrophobic chain) of the cationic lipid. These cationic lipids may be incorporated into a lipid particle for delivering an active agent, such as a nucleic acid. The invention also relates to lipid particles comprising a neutral lipid, a lipid capable of reducing aggregation, a cationic lipid of the present invention, and optionally, a sterol. The lipid particle may further include a therapeutic agent such as a nucleic acid.

The present invention relates to a cationic lipid having one or more biodegradable groups located in a lipidic moiety (e.g., a hydrophobic chain) of the cationic lipid. These cationic lipids may be incorporated into a lipid particle for delivering an active agent, such as a nucleic acid. The invention also relates to lipid particles comprising a neutral lipid, a lipid capable of reducing aggregation, a cationic lipid of the present invention, and optionally, a sterol. The lipid particle may further include a therapeutic agent such as a nucleic acid.

Disclosed are a glycerol derivative that is useful for improving, preventing or treating inflammation-related diseases by inhibiting overexpression of various inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6 and so on, or chemokine CXCL8 and reducing migration of HL-60 cell lines, preparation method therefor, and an immunomodulator containing the same as active ingredient. It includes a glycerol derivative represented by Chemical formula 2 or 3 in the specification.

Disclosed are a glycerol derivative that is useful for improving, preventing or treating inflammation-related diseases by inhibiting overexpression of various inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6 and so on, or chemokine CXCL8 and reducing migration of HL-60 cell lines, preparation method therefor, and an immunomodulator containing the same as active ingredient. It includes a glycerol derivative represented by Chemical formula 2 or 3 in the specification.

Provided are mucolytic agents represented by formula (Ia)-(Id): ##STR00001##
where the structural variables R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are as defined herein. Also provided are a variety of methods of treatment which take advantage of the mucolytic properties of the compounds represented by formula (Ia)-(Id).

Provided are mucolytic agents represented by formula (Ia)-(Id): ##STR00001##
where the structural variables R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are as defined herein. Also provided are a variety of methods of treatment which take advantage of the mucolytic properties of the compounds represented by formula (Ia)-(Id).

The present invention provides a production method capable of synthesizing an aryl thiol ester compound under mild conditions rapidly at a high yield. The present invention provides a method for producing an aryl thiol ester compound including producing an aryl thiol ester compound represented by the following general formula (1) from a diazonium compound represented by the following general formula (2) and a thioate compound represented by the following general formula (3) by a Sandmeyer-type coupling reaction using a catalyst, [wherein A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each independently an optionally substituted aryl group or an optionally substituted heteroaryl group; X.sup.1 is a monovalent anion; and M.sup.1 is a monovalent cation].

##STR00001##

A method for producing an organic mercapto compound or an intermediate thereof according to the present invention has a reaction step of reacting an alcohol compound including a sulfur atom with a thioamide compound having a structure in which an organic group is bonded to at least one bonding hand of a thioamide group, under acidic conditions.

A composite particle comprising a fluorescent core/shell nanoparticle and a perfluoroether ligand bound the surface thereof is described.

A composite particle comprising a fluorescent core/shell nanoparticle and a perfluoroether ligand bound the surface thereof is described.