Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

A family of amine mining collectors that uses alkoxylates allows for the easy adjustment of solubility and molecular weight useful because anionic and cationic mineral collectors require such varying degrees of solubility and molecular weight. The family of the present invention allows for the optimization of both parameters and an increase in collector efficiency.

A family of amine mining collectors that uses alkoxylates allows for the easy adjustment of solubility and molecular weight useful because anionic and cationic mineral collectors require such varying degrees of solubility and molecular weight. The family of the present invention allows for the optimization of both parameters and an increase in collector efficiency.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

A method for the manufacture of high purity xanthate continuously in a system of reactors in a liquid organic medium by reacting caustic and alcohol to form alcoholate in a large circulating charge of previously reacted alcoholate at an elevated temperature, preferably no more than 110 C. A portion of the alcoholate is continuously withdrawn, cooled preferably to no more than 35 C. and rapidly dispersed with carbon disulfide to form xanthate in a large circulating charge of previously reacted xanthate while maintaining precise temperature control. Average contact time with byproduct water is 10 minutes. The product is continuously withdrawn and immediately dried to obtain in excess of 95% pure product.

A method for the manufacture of high purity xanthate continuously in a system of reactors in a liquid organic medium by reacting caustic and alcohol to form alcoholate in a large circulating charge of previously reacted alcoholate at an elevated temperature, preferably no more than 110 C. A portion of the alcoholate is continuously withdrawn, cooled preferably to no more than 35 C. and rapidly dispersed with carbon disulfide to form xanthate in a large circulating charge of previously reacted xanthate while maintaining precise temperature control. Average contact time with byproduct water is 10 minutes. The product is continuously withdrawn and immediately dried to obtain in excess of 95% pure product.