Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

What is described is a compound of formula I ##STR00001##
wherein R is a linear alkyl of 1 to 12 carbons, or a linear alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbons; L is a linear alkylene or alkenylene of 5 to 18 carbons; X is COO or OCO; Y is S or O; R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different, consisting of a hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and n is 1-6;
or a salt, a solvate, or a pharmaceutical formulation thereof.

What is described is a compound of formula I ##STR00001##
wherein R is a linear alkyl of 1 to 12 carbons, or a linear alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbons; L is a linear alkylene or alkenylene of 5 to 18 carbons; X is COO or OCO; Y is S or O; R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different, consisting of a hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and n is 1-6;
or a salt, a solvate, or a pharmaceutical formulation thereof.

What is described is a lipid particle comprising the compound of formula I

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 consists of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or cholesteryl; R.sub.2 consists of alkyl or alkenyl; L.sub.1 consists of alkyl, alkylene or alkenyl; X.sub.1 consists of O(CO) or (CO)O; X.sub.2 consists of S or O; L.sub.2 consists of a bond or alkylene; R.sub.3 consists of alkylene; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each consisting of alkyl;
or a pharmaceutical preparation thereof.

What is described is a lipid particle comprising the compound of formula I

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 consists of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or cholesteryl; R.sub.2 consists of alkyl or alkenyl; L.sub.1 consists of alkyl, alkylene or alkenyl; X.sub.1 consists of O(CO) or (CO)O; X.sub.2 consists of S or O; L.sub.2 consists of a bond or alkylene; R.sub.3 consists of alkylene; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each consisting of alkyl;
or a pharmaceutical preparation thereof.

Novel ionizable lipids and lipid nanoparticles that can be used in the delivery of therapeutic cargos are disclosed.

Novel ionizable lipids and lipid nanoparticles that can be used in the delivery of therapeutic cargos are disclosed.

What is described is a compound

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear or branched alkyl with 1-9 carbons, or an alkenyl or alkynyl with 2 to 11 carbons; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear alkyl having 3 to 18 carbons; X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 are COO; X.sub.3 is S or O; L.sub.3 is a lower alkyl; R.sub.3 is a lower alkyl; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each a lower alkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.