The invention belongs to the field of mineral flotation collector materials, and particularly discloses a method for preparing thionocarbamate. In the preparation process, xanthate and 2-haloethanol are esterified to obtain O-alkyl-S-hydroxyethyl xanthate, and then O-alkyl-S-hydroxyethyl xanthate and fatty amine are reacted to obtain a mixture of thionocarbamate and 2-mercaptoethanol. The mixture of thionocarbamate and 2-mercaptoethanol is washed with alkali, and the oil phase and water phase are separated. The oil phase and water phase are thionocarbamate and 2-hydroxyethylthiolate, respectively, and 2-mercaptoethanol is obtained by washing with an acid. 2-alkylthioethanol is obtained by reacting 2-hydroxyethanethiolate with alkyl halide, and then with carbon disulfide and alkali to prepare O-alkylthioethyl xanthate. Thionocarbamate, 2-mercaptoethanol and O-alkylthioethyl xanthate prepared by this method possess high yield and high purity. The process is green and environmentally friendly, and is beneficial to the industrialization of co-production.

The invention belongs to the field of mineral flotation collector materials, and particularly discloses a method for preparing thionocarbamate. In the preparation process, xanthate and 2-haloethanol are esterified to obtain O-alkyl-S-hydroxyethyl xanthate, and then O-alkyl-S-hydroxyethyl xanthate and fatty amine are reacted to obtain a mixture of thionocarbamate and 2-mercaptoethanol. The mixture of thionocarbamate and 2-mercaptoethanol is washed with alkali, and the oil phase and water phase are separated. The oil phase and water phase are thionocarbamate and 2-hydroxyethylthiolate, respectively, and 2-mercaptoethanol is obtained by washing with an acid. 2-alkylthioethanol is obtained by reacting 2-hydroxyethanethiolate with alkyl halide, and then with carbon disulfide and alkali to prepare O-alkylthioethyl xanthate. Thionocarbamate, 2-mercaptoethanol and O-alkylthioethyl xanthate prepared by this method possess high yield and high purity. The process is green and environmentally friendly, and is beneficial to the industrialization of co-production.

The present invention provides a nucleic acid-containing lipid nanoparticle comprising an analog of a fatty acid ester of glycerol, and a nucleic acid, wherein the analog is not hydrolyzable by a lipase.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Here described is a composition comprising a compound of formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently selected from a group consisting of C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.12 to C.sub.18 alkenyl, and oleoyl group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from a group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, and C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alkanol; X is selected from a group consisting of CH.sub.2, S, and O or absent; Y is selected from (CH.sub.2).sub.n, S(CH.sub.2).sub.n, O(CH.sub.2).sub.n, thiophene, SO.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.n, and ester; n=1-4; a=1-4; b=1-4; c=1-4; and Z.sup. is a counterion.

Here described is a composition comprising a compound of formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently selected from a group consisting of C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.12 to C.sub.18 alkenyl, and oleoyl group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from a group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, and C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alkanol; X is selected from a group consisting of CH.sub.2, S, and O or absent; Y is selected from (CH.sub.2).sub.n, S(CH.sub.2).sub.n, O(CH.sub.2).sub.n, thiophene, SO.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.n, and ester; n=1-4; a=1-4; b=1-4; c=1-4; and Z.sup. is a counterion.

What is described is a method of synthesis of the compound of formula 1A,

##STR00001##

or a salt thereof, wherein R.sub.3 is a linear or branched alkene of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each a hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons; and L.sub.3 is a bond or an alkane of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons.