The invention relates to a method for preparing a cyclic -ketoalcohol, particularly a 6-hydroxycyclohexenone from a cyclic -ketoenol, particularly a 6-hydroxycyclohexadienone, using a reducing agent. This reducing agent is selected from hydrogen gas; a secondary alcohol, formic acid and the salts of formic acid or a mixture of at least two representatives of these compound classes. The invention further comprises the use of an -ketoenol, in particular a 6-hydroxycyclohexadienone, as intermediate for preparing astaxanthin.

The present invention relates to a new method to produce 7,8-dihydro-C.sub.15-aldehyde.

The present invention relates to a new process for the production of retinal or hydrogenated form of retinal.

The present invention relates to a new process for the production of retinal or hydrogenated form of retinal.

Methods of treating or suppressing mitochondrial diseases, such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, stroke (MELAS), or Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS) are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention. Methods and compounds useful in treating other disorders are also disclosed. Energy biomarkers useful in assessing the metabolic state of a subject and the efficacy of treatment are also disclosed. Methods of modulating, normalizing, or enhancing energy biomarkers, as well as compounds useful for such methods, are also disclosed.

Methods of treating or suppressing mitochondrial diseases, such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, stroke (MELAS), or Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS) are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention. Methods and compounds useful in treating other disorders are also disclosed. Energy biomarkers useful in assessing the metabolic state of a subject and the efficacy of treatment are also disclosed. Methods of modulating, normalizing, or enhancing energy biomarkers, as well as compounds useful for such methods, are also disclosed.

A method of producing alpha-tocotrienol quinone or a stereoisomer thereof, the method comprising selective opening of alpha-tocotrienol chroman to alpha-tocotrienol quinone in the presence of non-alpha tocotrienol chromans by oxidizing alpha-tocotrienol with a metal salt oxidizing agent, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of metal salt oxidizing agent/alpha-tocotrienol is at least 4:1 and wherein said metal oxidizing agent is added in sequential additions, in order to reduce oxidation of any amounts of non-alpha tocotrienol chromans that might have been present in the starting alpha-tocotrienol chroman material. This process uses conditions favoring oxidation rates of the alpha tocotrienol chroman vs. the non-alpha tocotrienol chromans.

Disclosed is a method for inhibiting cancer cell growth in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound from Antrodia camphorata, wherein the compound is represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or an acetyl group; and a method of inhibiting cancer cell growth by using the compound, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer.

Disclosed is a method for inhibiting cancer cell growth in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound from Antrodia camphorata, wherein the compound is represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or an acetyl group; and a method of inhibiting cancer cell growth by using the compound, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer.

The present disclosure provides methods for treating, preventing, ameliorates, inhibits, or delaying the onset of Leigh syndrome as well as methods for ameliorating, inhibiting, ameliorates, inhibits, or delaying the onset of its associated signs and/or symptoms in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject various compounds, mixtures of compounds or compositions, formulations or medicaments derived therefrom. The present disclosure further provides compositions, formulations or medicaments and related uses for the treatment, prevention ameliorating, inhibiting, or delaying the onset of Leigh syndrome in a subject and addressing its associated signs and/or symptoms.