A method for processing a chemical stream includes contacting a feed stream with a catalyst in a reactor portion of a reactor system that includes a reactor portion and a catalyst processing portion. The catalyst includes platinum, gallium, or both and contacting the feed stream with the catalyst causes a reaction which forms an effluent stream. The method includes separating the effluent stream from the catalyst, passing the catalyst to the catalyst processing portion, and processing the catalyst in the catalyst processing portion. Processing the catalyst includes passing the catalyst to a combustor, combusting a supplemental fuel in the combustor to heat the catalyst, treating the heated catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas to produce a reactivated catalyst, and passing the reactivated catalyst from the catalyst processing portion to the reactor portion. The supplemental fuel may include a molar ratio of hydrogen to other combustible fuels of at least 1:1.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of butadiene by condensation of ethanol using a catalyst containing sillica-supported elements from group 3A and group 4B of the periodic table. The catalyst of the present invention has high activity and selectivity to butadiene in the synthesis reaction of said olefin from ethanol.

Catalysts, catalytic materials having catalysts present on supports and catalytic methods are provided. The catalysts, catalytic material and methods are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane.

In a process for the catalytic alkylation of an olefin with an isoparaffi, an olefin-containing feed is contacted with an isoparaffin-containing feed under alkylation conditions in the presence of a solid acid catalyst comprising a crystalline microporous material of at least one of the MWW and MOR framework types, wherein the solid acid catalyst is substantially free of amorphous alumina.

A process for the catalytic alkylation of an olefin with an isoparaffin comprises contacting an olefin-containing feed with an isoparaffin-containing feed under alkylation conditions in a reaction zone containing a fixed bed of a solid acid catalyst comprising a crystalline microporous material of the MWW framework type, wherein the reaction zone contains at least 100 kg of the catalyst and the catalyst has a cycle length of at least 150 days.

In a process for isoparaffin-olefin alkylation, a feed comprising at least one olefin and at least one isoparaffin is contacted under alkylation conditions in the presence of a solid acid catalyst comprising a crystalline microporous material of the MWW framework type to produce an alkylated product. The alkylated product comprises a C.sub.8− fraction, which is useful as a gasoline blending stock, and a C.sub.9+ fraction, which is separated from the alkylated product and at least partially recycled to the alkylation step.

Systems for preparing butenes are provided. The systems can include a reactor inlet coupled to both a reactor and at least one reactant reservoir; at least one of the reactant reservoirs containing one or both of an aldehyde and/or ethanol; a catalyst within the reactor, the catalyst comprising a metal component and an acidic support material; and a reactor outlet operationally configured to convey a butene-rich reaction product to a product reservoir. Methods for preparing butenes are also provided. The methods can include exposing one or both of ethanol and/or an aldehyde to a catalyst comprising a metal component and an acidic support to form a butene-rich product that comprises one or both of 1-butene and/or 2-butene.

Methods of preparing unsaturated compounds or analogs through dehydrogenation of corresponding saturated compounds and/or hydrogenation of aromatic compounds are disclosed.

A process for the vapour phase chemical dehydration of ethanol in a reactor in the presence of a supported hetero-polyacid catalyst, said process comprising a step of contacting the ethanol with the heteropolyacid catalyst, wherein the heteropoly acid catalyst comprises a partially neutralised silicotungstic acid salt, wherein the partially neutralised silicotungstic acid salt has from 30% to 70% of the hydrogen atoms replaced with cations selected from the group consisting of alkali metal cations, alkaline earth metal cations, transition metal cations, ammonium cations, and mixtures thereof; but with the proviso that the alkali metal cation is not lithium; and wherein, after attaining steady-state performance of the catalyst, said process is operated continuously with the same supported heteropolyacid catalyst for at least 150 hours, without any regeneration of the catalyst.

A double-layer structured catalyst for use in dehydrogenation of light hydrocarbon gas within a range of C3 to C6, configured such that platinum, tin, and an alkali metal are carried in a phase-changed carrier, wherein the tin component is present in an entire region inside the carrier, and the platinum and the tin form a single complex and are present in an alloy form within a range of a predetermined thickness from an outer periphery of the carrier.