Embodiments of methods of synthesizing a metathesis catalyst system, which include impregnating tungsten oxide on silica support in the presence of a precursor to produce a base catalyst; calcining the base catalyst; dispersing a solid metal-based co-catalyst onto the surface of the base catalyst to produce a doped catalyst; and calcining the doped catalyst to produce a metathesis catalyst system. Further embodiments of processes for the production of propylene, which include contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a mixture of 1-butene and 2-butene with embodiments of the metathesis catalyst system to produce, via metathesis conversion, a product stream comprising propylene.

A variety of redox catalysts, methods of making, and methods of using thereof are provided. Surface modified redox catalysts are provided having an oxygen carrier core with an outer surface that has been modified to enhance the selectivity of the redox catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation. The surface modification can include forming a redox catalyst outer layer on the outer surface and/or suppressing sites that form nonselective electrophilic oxygen sites on the outer surface of the oxygen carrier. A variety of methods are provided for making the surface modified redox catalysts, e.g. modified Pechini methods. A variety of methods are provided for using the catalysts for oxidative cracking of light paraffins. Methods are provided for oxidative cracking of light paraffins by contacting the paraffin with a core-shell redox catalyst described herein to convert the paraffins to water and olefins, diolefins, or a combination thereof.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing, activating and regenerating a metal supported catalyst, comprising: treating a M.sub.a-M.sub.b-M.sub.c metal supported catalyst at 10-700? C. by using an ammonia or nitrogen-containing organic matter, wherein the M.sub.a metal is an active metal selected from one or more of a noble metal atom or a transition metal, the support is a common industrial porous catalyst, and the M.sub.a metal is dispersed on the support in a state of single atomic site. According to the M.sub.d-M.sub.b-M.sub.c metal supported noble metal/zinc catalyst treated by the method of the present invention, the direct dehydrogenation conversion rate and selectivity of catalyzing light alkanes are remarkably improved; the method for preparing the catalyst is simple in process, the catalytic activity after regeneration is still kept, and the catalyst can be industrially produced on a large scale.

A process for producing ethylene comprising: (a) reacting a reactant mixture in a reactor to yield a product mixture, wherein the reactor comprises a catalyst, wherein the reactant mixture comprises ethane, oxygen, and a chlorine intermediate precursor, wherein the product mixture comprises ethylene, unreacted ethane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, wherein the catalyst comprises a redox agent, an alkali metal, and a rare earth element; and (b) recovering at least a portion of the ethylene from the product mixture. The reacting in step (a) further comprises (i) contacting at least a portion of the chlorine intermediate precursor with the catalyst to form a chlorinated catalyst; (ii) allowing at least a portion of the chlorinated catalyst to generate a chlorine intermediate; and (iii) allowing at least a portion of the reactant mixture to react via the chlorine intermediate.

A catalyst material includes molybdenum (Mo): vanadium (V). the molar ratio of Mo:V being between 1:0.12 and 1:0.49; tellurium (Te), the molar ratio of Mo:Te being between 1:0.01 and 1:0.30; niobium (Nb), the molar ratio of Mo:Nb being between 1:0.01 and 1:0.30; and beryllium (Be), the molar ratio of Mo:Be being from 1:1 to 1:50.

A variety of redox catalysts, methods of making, and methods of using thereof are provided. Surface modified redox catalysts are provided having an oxygen carrier core with an outer surface that has been modified to enhance the selectivity of the redox catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation. The surface modification can include forming a redox catalyst outer layer on the outer surface and/or suppressing sites that form nonselective electrophilic oxygen sites on the outer surface of the oxygen carrier. A variety of methods are provided for making the surface modified redox catalysts, e.g. modified Pechini methods. A variety of methods are provided for using the catalysts for oxidative cracking of light paraffins. Methods are provided for oxidative cracking of light paraffins by contacting the paraffin with a core-shell redox catalyst described herein to convert the paraffins to water and olefins, diolefins, or a combination thereof.

Described herein are methods useful for preparing alkylaromatics.

A method for producing a dehydrogenated product and a coked catalyst, then introducing an oxygen-containing fluid, combusting at least a portion of the coke disposed on the catalyst in the presence of the oxygen-containing fluid to produce a decoked catalyst. An apparatus for introducing fluid into a reactor, comprising a first inlet conduit configured to convey a first gas, a second inlet conduit configured to convey a second gas, and an outlet conduit configured to convey the first gas and the second gas into a reactor, wherein there is an acute angle between a longitudinal axes of the first inlet conduit and a longitudinal axis of the second inlet conduit and an obtuse angle between a longitudinal axis of the outlet conduit and the longitudinal axis of the second inlet conduit and a pre-distributor disposed, in one embodiment on the inner surface, within the first inlet conduit is disclosed.

Described herein are methods useful for preparing alkylaromatics.

Process for the manufacture of at least one alcohol and/or at least one ketone, which comprises a step during which at least one organic peroxide compound is put into contact with at least one catalyst responding to formula (I) CrN.sub.xO.sub.y Formula (I) in which x is a number varying from 0.10 to 1.00 and y is a number varying from 0.00 to 1.50, in order to produce the at least one alcohol and/or at least one ketone.