According to one or more embodiments presently disclosed, a catalyst for converting hydrocarbons may include catalytic oxidized metal materials comprising oxidized iron, oxidized cobalt, and oxidized copper. At least 95 wt. % of the catalytic oxidized metal materials may be a combination of oxidized iron, oxidized cobalt, and oxidized copper. The catalyst may additionally include a mesoporous support material comprising pores having an average pore diameter of from 2 nm to 50 nm. At least 95 wt. % of the mesoporous support material may comprise alumina. At least 95 wt. % of the catalyst may be the combination of the catalytic oxidized metal materials and the mesoporous support material. Additional embodiments are included, such as methods for making the presently disclosed catalysts.

The present invention provides a process for the hydrogenation of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, in particular di-olefins and alkynes, more particularly di-olefins, said process comprising contacting a feed comprising one or more polyunsaturated hydrocarbon compounds with a catalyst comprising copper and carbon in the presence of hydrogen, preferably wherein the catalyst is a copper catalyst on a carbon-containing support. The present invention also provides a process for producing a copper catalyst on a carbon-containing support and the use of a copper catalyst on a carbon-containing support to increase the selectivity towards di-olefin hydrogenation over mono-olefin hydrogenation in a process for hydrogenation of one or more di-olefins.

A process for producing methane or methanol includes combining a hydrogenation catalyst, hydrogen, and CO.sub.2 with a condensed phase solution comprising an amine under conditions effective to form methane or methanol, and water. A process for coproduction of methanol and a glycol includes combining an epoxide, a hydrogenation catalyst, hydrogen, and CO.sub.2 with a condensed phase solution comprising an amine under conditions effective to form methanol and a glycol.

The present disclosure relates to an ionic liquid composition and a process for its preparation. The process of the present disclosure is simple, single pot and efficient process for preparing the ionic liquid composition which is effective in a Friedel Craft reaction like, alkylation reaction, trans-alkylation, and acylation. The present disclosure envisages an ionic liquid composition comprising at least one metal hydroxide; at least one metal halide; and at least one solvent. Also envisaged is a process for preparing an ionic liquid composition. The process comprises mixing in a reaction vessel, at least one metal hydroxide and at least one metal halide in the presence of at least one solvent under a nitrogen atmosphere and continuous stirring followed by cooling under continuous stirring to obtain the ionic liquid composition.

Pathways are disclosed for the production of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) products comprising propane and/or butane, and in certain cases renewable products having non-petroleum derived carbon. In particular, a gaseous feed mixture comprising CO.sub.2 in combination with CH.sub.4 and/or H.sub.2 is converted by reforming and/or reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reactions, further in combination with LPG synthesis. A preferred gaseous feed mixture comprises biogas or otherwise a mixture of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 that is not readily upgraded using conventional processes. Catalysts described herein have a high activity for reforming (including dry reforming) of CH.sub.4, as well as simultaneously catalyzing RWGS. These attributes improve the management of CO.sub.2 that is input to the disclosed processes, particularly in those utilizing recycle operation to increase overall CO.sub.2 conversion. Economics of small scale operations may be improved, if necessary, using an electrically heated reforming reactor in the first or initial reforming stage or RWGS stage.

Disclosed is a process for converting methane into value-added compounds. In this process, a gas mixture containing hydrogen as well as high-concentration acetylene formed through methane pyrolysis (e.g. non-oxidative coupling of methane) is selectively hydrogenated in the presence of a bimetallic supported catalyst. This process obtains ethylene from acetylene in the gas mixture while unreacted methane and hydrogen are recovered as byproducts and/or additionally recycled.

A process for synthesising methanol is described comprising the steps of (i) passing a feed gas comprising a make-up gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide to a methanol synthesis loop, (ii) recovering a product gas mixture containing methanol from the methanol synthesis loop, (iii) cooling the product gas mixture to below the dew point to condense crude methanol, (iv) separating the crude methanol from an unreacted gas mixture, (v) passing a portion of the unreacted gas mixture to the methanol synthesis loop and (vi) recovering a portion of the unreacted gas mixture as a purge gas stream, characterised by contacting the crude methanol and a portion of the purge gas in a stripping unit to strip dissolved gases from the crude methanol thereby forming a stripped crude methanol and an enriched gas mixture, and feeding at least a portion of the enriched gas mixture to the methanol synthesis loop.

A plant leaves-derived carbon material doped with two metals and preparation and use thereof are provided, the carbon material prepared by carbonizing, in an inert atmosphere, plant leaves which have absorbed ions of two metals M1 and M2. The metal M1 is Co, Mn, or Fe. The metal M2 is Ni, Cu, or Zn. The carbon material can be used as an efficient, green, and safe catalyst for the selective oxidation of cycloalkanes to produce cycloalkanols and cycloalkanones, and enable an increased selectivity of the target products (thus less by-products), a low yield of cycloalkyl peroxides, reduced reaction temperature, low environmental impact, and safe production.

The present disclosure provides an active material comprising a mixed metal oxide in a hydrotalcite derived rocksalt structure, a processes to convert paraffins to corresponding olefins and or heavier hydrocarbons using the active material, and a method of preparing the active material.

Processes for forming multimetallic catalysts by grafting nickel precursors to metal oxide supports. Dry reforming reaction catalysts having nickel and promotors grafted to metal oxides supports. Methanation reaction catalysts having nickel and promotors grafted to metal oxides supports.