A carbon-coated transition metal nanocomposite material includes carbon-coated transition metal particles having a core-shell structure. The shell layer of the core-shell structure is a graphitized carbon layer doped with oxygen and/or nitrogen, and the core of the core-shell structure is a transition metal nanoparticle. The nanocomposite material has a structure rich in mesopores, is an adsorption/catalyst material with excellent performance, can be used for catalyzing various hydrogenation reduction reactions, or used as a catalytic-oxidation catalyst useful for the treatment of volatile organic compounds in industrial exhaust gases.

A process for converting a feed stream having carbon to C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins, includes introducing a feed stream including methane and oxygen to a first reaction zone, reacting the methane and oxygen in the first reaction zone to form a first reaction zone product stream having a mixture of C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 alkanes, transporting the mixture of C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 alkanes to a second reaction zone, introducing a fresh stream of at least one of ethane and propane to the second reaction zone, converting the C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 alkanes to C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins in the second reaction zone, producing one or more product streams in the second reaction zone, where a sum of the one or more product streams includes C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins, and producing a recycle stream comprising hydrogen in the second reaction zone, where the recycle stream is transported to the first reaction zone.

Disclosed is a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons by hydrocracking a polymer containing aromatic rings, which includes reacting the polymer fragment with hydrogen under the action of a catalyst at a temperature of no more than 350° C.; separating a reaction product to obtain the aromatic hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises a carrier and an active ingredient supported on the carrier, the active ingredient is at least one selected from Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Fe, Ni, Cu and Co, the carrier is at least one selected from metal oxide, phosphate, molecular sieve, SiO.sub.2 and sulfonated carbon, the metal oxide is at least one selected from Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5—Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5—SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2 and MoO.sub.3; the phosphate is at least one selected from NbOPO.sub.4 and ZrOPO.sub.4; and the molecule sieve is at least one selected from Nb-SBA-15, Nafion, H-ZSM-5, H-Beta and H-Y.

A process for preparing a selective hydrogenation catalyst comprising nickel, copper and a support comprising at least one refractory oxide, comprising the following steps: bringing the support into contact with a solution containing at least one copper precursor and one nickel precursor; drying the catalyst precursor at a temperature of less than 250° C.; reducing the catalyst precursor by bringing said precursor into contact with a reducing gas at a temperature of between 150° C. and 250° C.; bringing the catalyst precursor into contact with a solution comprising a nickel precursor; a step of drying the catalyst precursor at a temperature of less than 250° C.; reducing the catalyst precursor by bringing said precursor into contact with a reducing gas at a temperature of between 150° C. and 250° C.

The present disclosure provides processes to convert paraffins to corresponding olefins and or heavier hydrocarbons. In at least one embodiment, a process includes introducing, at a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 500° C., a hydrocarbon feed comprising paraffins to a first metal oxide comprising one or more group 1 to group 17 metal and one or more oxygen. The process includes obtaining a product mixture comprising one or more C3-C50 cyclic olefins, one or more C2-C50 acyclic olefins, one or more C5-C200 hydrocarbons, such as one or more C5-C100 hydrocarbons, or a mixture thereof. In at least one embodiment, the product mixture is substantially free of H2 (e.g., <500 ppm). The introducing can reduce the first metal oxide to form a second metal oxide. Processes may include introducing the second metal oxide to an oxidizing agent to form the first metal oxide.

A process (100) is proposed for the production of one or more olefins, in which a reaction feed containing oxygen and one or more paraffins is formed and in which a part of the oxygen in the reaction feed is reacted with a part of the one or more paraffins to form the one or more olefins by an oxidative process, to obtain a process gas, the process gas containing at least the unreacted part of the one or more paraffins and oxygen, the one or more olefins, one or more acetylenes, carbon dioxide and water. The process comprises subjecting the process gas or a gas mixture formed using at least a part of the process gas partially or completely to a condensate separation (2), a compression (3), an at least partial removal (4) of the oxygen and acetylene(s) and to one or more stages of a carbon dioxide removal (5) in the order given herein, wherein the at least partial removal (4) of the oxygen and of the acetylene(s) is performed at the same time and by a catalytic conversion using a catalyst comprising copper oxide or ruthenium, and wherein the catalytic conversion is performed at least in part in the form of a hydrogenation. A corresponding plant is also the subject of the present invention.

Catalyst comprising nickel and copper, in a proportion of 1% to 50% by weight of nickel element relative to the total weight of the catalyst, in a proportion of 0.5% to 15% by weight of copper element relative to the total weight of the catalyst, and an alumina support, said catalyst being characterized in that: the mole ratio between nickel and copper is between 0.5 and 5 mol/mol; at least one portion of the nickel and copper is in the form of a nickel-copper alloy; the nickel content in the nickel-copper alloy is between 0.5% and 15% by weight of nickel element relative to the total weight of the catalyst, the size of the nickel particles in the catalyst is less than 7 nm.

A process can treat a gaseous material mixture obtained by catalytic conversion of synthesis gas that contains at least alkenes, possibly alcohols and possibly alkanes, and also possibly nitrogen as inert gas and unconverted components of the synthesis gas, comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide. After catalytic conversion of synthesis gas, separation of the product mixture obtained in this reaction into a gas phase and a liquid phase is performed by at least partial absorption of the alkenes, possibly of the alcohols and possibly of the alkanes, in a high boiling point hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture as an absorption medium, separation as the gas phase of the gases not absorbed into the absorption medium, separating an aqueous phase from the organic phase of the absorption medium, preferably by decanting, and desorption of the alkenes, possibly of the alcohols and possibly of the alkanes, from the absorption medium.

A process can produce alcohols having at least two carbon atoms by catalytic conversion of synthesis gas into a mixture containing alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols. Alkenes are converted into corresponding alcohols in a subsequent step by hydration of the alkanes. Before the hydration and after the catalytic conversion, gas and liquid phases may be separated. Specific catalysts can be employed that have a markedly higher selectivity for alkenes than for alkanes. These catalysts comprise grains of non-graphitic carbon having cobalt nanoparticles dispersed therein. The cobalt nanoparticles have an average diameter d.sub.p from 1 to 20 nm, and an average distance D between nanoparticles is from 2 to 150 nm. The combined total mass fraction of metal ω in the grains ranges from 30% to 70% by weight of the total mass of the grains of non-graphitic carbon, wherein 4.5 dp/ω>D≥0.25 dp/ω.

Processes and associated reaction systems for the oxidative dehydrogenation of an alkane containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably ethane or propane, more preferably ethane, are provided. In particular, a process is provided that comprises supplying a feed gas comprising the alkane and oxygen to a reactor vessel that comprises an upstream and downstream catalyst bed; contacting the feed gas with an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst in the upstream catalyst bed, followed by contact with an oxidative dehydrogenation/oxygen removal catalyst in the downstream catalyst bed, to yield a reactor effluent comprising the alkene; and supplying an upstream coolant to an upstream shell space of the reactor vessel from an upstream coolant circuit and a downstream coolant to a downstream shell space of the reactor vessel from a downstream coolant circuit.